Ceylon (programming language)

Iterable<Element&Object> removeNulls<Element>(Iterable<Element> stream);

// A top-level higher-order function using block syntax (not associated with any user-created classes)
String process(String text, String transformString(String toChange)) {
    return transformString(text);
}

// A top-level function calling String.reverse in expression form.
String reverse(String text) => text.reversed;

// A function reference to String.reversed but mostly equivalent to the function above.
String(String) reverseFunctionReference = String.reversed;

// An example where the top-level function above is provided as an argument to the higher-order function above
String reversed1 = process("one", reverse);

// An example where an anonymous function - (text) => text+text - is provided to the higher-order function above. 
String reversed2 = process("one", (text) => text+text);

// Traditional syntax for enumerated type, in this case, limiting the instances to three objects(for this purpose: Singletons)
abstract class Vehicle(shared String name) of plane | train | automobile {}

object plane extends Vehicle("plane") {}
object train extends Vehicle("train") {}
object automobile extends Vehicle("automobile") {}
// Compile error: type is not a subtype of any case of enumerated supertype: 'boat' inherits 'Vehicle'
//object boat extends Vehicle("boat") {}

// New (as of Ceylon 1.2.0) constructor-based syntax
class Vehicle of plane | train | automobile {
    String name;

    abstract new named(String pName) {
        name = pName;
    }

    shared new plane extends named("plane") {}
    shared new train extends named("train") {}
    shared new automobile extends named("automobile") {}
    // Compile error: value constructor does not occur in of clause of non-abstract enumerated class: 'boat' is not listed in the of clause of 'Vehicle'
    //shared new boat extends named("boat") {}
}

Integer i = 3;
value i = 3;

Integer add(Integer i1, Integer i2) {
    return i1 + i2;
}
function add(Integer i1, Integer i2) {
    return i1 + i2;
}