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QuickTime (or QuickTime Player, referred to officially as QuickTime X in Mac OS X Snow Leopard) is an extensible multimedia architecture created by Apple, which supports playing, streaming, encoding, and transcoding a variety of digital media formats.[1][2] The term QuickTime also refers to the QuickTime Player front-end media player application,[1] which is built into macOS, and was formerly available for Windows.[3]
QuickTime was created in 1991, when the concept of playing digital video directly on computers was "groundbreaking."[1][2] QuickTime could embed a number of advanced media types, including panoramic images (called QuickTime VR) and Adobe Flash. Over the 1990s, QuickTime became a dominant standard for digital multimedia, as it was integrated into many websites, applications, and video games, and adopted by professional filmmakers. The QuickTime File Format became the basis for the MPEG-4 standard.[4][5][1][2][6] During its heyday, QuickTime was notably used to create the innovative Myst and Xplora1 video games, and to exclusively distribute movie trailers for several Star Wars movies.[7][1] QuickTime could support additional codecs through plug-ins, for example with Perian.[8]
As operating systems and browsers gained support for MPEG-4 and subsequent standards like H.264, the need for a cross-platform version of QuickTime diminished, and Apple discontinued the Windows version of QuickTime in 2016.[9][10][11][12] In Mac OS X Snow Leopard, QuickTime 7 was discontinued in favor of QuickTime Player X, which abandoned the aging QuickTime framework in favor of the AVFoundation framework. QuickTime Player X does not support video editing (beyond trimming clips) or plug-ins for additional codec support.[12][13] macOS Catalina dropped support for all 32-bit applications, including the QTKit framework and the old QuickTime 7.[10]
Overview
QuickTime is bundled with macOS. QuickTime for Microsoft Windows was downloadable as a standalone installation, and was bundled with Apple's iTunes before iTunes 10.5, but is no longer supported and therefore security vulnerabilities will no longer be patched.[14] Already, at the time of the Windows version's discontinuation, two such zero-day vulnerabilities (both of which permitted arbitrary code execution) were identified and publicly disclosed by Trend Micro; consequently, Trend Micro strongly advised users to uninstall the product from Windows systems.[15][16]
Software development kits (SDK) for QuickTime are available to the public with an Apple Developer Connection (ADC) subscription.
It is available free of charge for both macOS operating systems. There are some other free player applications that rely on the QuickTime framework, providing features not available in the basic QuickTime Player. For example, iTunes can export audio in WAV, AIFF, MP3, AAC, and Apple Lossless. In addition, macOS has a simple AppleScript that can be used to play a movie in full-screen mode,[17] but since version 7.2 full-screen viewing is now supported in the non-Pro version.[18]
QuickTime framework
![[icon]](/en/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg){kind=small} | This section needs expansion with: More information about the framework as a whole; and about the platform-specific implementations of QuickTime (differences between Mac and Windows versions). Can use the book sources cited at the end. You can help by adding missing information. (January 2023) |
The QuickTime framework provides the following:
- Encoding and transcoding video and audio from one format to another. Command-line utilities afconvert (to convert audio formats), avconvert (to convert video formats) and qtmodernizer (to automatically convert older formats to H.264/AAC) are provided with macOS for power users.
- Decoding video and audio, then sending the decoded stream to the graphics or audio subsystem for playback. In macOS, QuickTime sends video playback to the Quartz Extreme (OpenGL) Compositor.[19]
- A "component" plug-in architecture for supporting additional 3rd-party codecs (such as DivX).
As of early 2008, the framework hides many older codecs listed below from the user although the option to "Show legacy encoders" exists in QuickTime Preferences to use them.[20] The framework supports the following file types and codecs natively:[21]
| Audio | Video | Picture |
|---|---|---|
|
|
Due to macOS Mojave being the last version to include support for 32-bit APIs and Apple's plans to drop 32-bit application support in future macOS releases, many codecs will no longer be supported in newer macOS releases, starting with macOS Catalina, which was released on October 7, 2019.
As of Mac OS X Lion, the underlying media framework for QuickTime, QTKit, was deprecated in favor of a newer graphics framework, AVFoundation, and completely discontinued as of macOS Catalina.[9]
Windows
PictureViewer is a component of QuickTime for Microsoft Windows and the Mac OS 8 and Mac OS 9 operating systems. It is used to view picture files from the still image formats that QuickTime supports. In macOS, it is replaced by Preview.[23][24]
Irix
A version of QuickTime for the Irix operating system running on SGI hardware with MIPS processors was developed in the mid-1990s but never released.
QuickTime Player
| This section needs expansion. You can help by adding missing information. (January 2023) |
QuickTime 7 Pro
 | This section needs more citations. (June 2017) |
QuickTime Player 7 is limited to only basic playback operations unless a QuickTime Pro license key is purchased from Apple. Until Catalina, Apple's professional applications (e.g. Final Cut Studio, Logic Studio) included a QuickTime Pro license. Pro keys are specific to the major version of QuickTime for which they are purchased and unlock additional features of the QuickTime Player application on macOS or Windows.[25] The Pro key does not require any additional downloads; entering the registration code immediately unlocks the hidden features.
QuickTime 7 is still available for download from Apple, but as of mid-2016, Apple stopped selling registration keys for the Pro version.
Features enabled by the Pro license include, but are not limited to:
- Editing clips through the cut, copy and paste functions, merging separate audio and video tracks, and freely placing the video tracks on a virtual canvas with the options of cropping and rotation.
- Saving and exporting (encoding) to any of the codecs supported by QuickTime. QuickTime 7 includes presets for exporting video to a video-capable iPod, Apple TV, and the iPhone.
- Saving existing QuickTime movies from the web directly to a hard disk drive. This is often, but not always, either hidden or intentionally blocked in the standard mode. Two options exist for saving movies from a web browser:
- Save as source – This option will save the embedded video in its original format. (I.e. not limited to .mov files.)
- Save as QuickTime movie – This option will save the embedded video in a .mov file format no matter what the original container is/was.
QuickTime Player X
| QuickTime Player | |
|---|---|
 | |
 QuickTime Player 10.5 playing Big Buck Bunny running on macOS Big Sur | |
| Developer | Apple |
| Release | December 2, 1991 |
| Stable release | 10.5 (updated as part of macOS, with only build number increments)
|
| Operating system | macOS Discontinued: Windows, Classic Mac OS |
| Website | support |
Mac OS X Snow Leopard includes QuickTime X. QuickTime Player X lacks cut, copy and paste and will only export to four formats, but its limited export feature is free. Users do not have an option to upgrade to a Pro version of QuickTime X, but those who have already purchased QuickTime 7 Pro and are upgrading to Snow Leopard from a previous version of Mac OS X will have QuickTime 7 stored in the Utilities or user defined folder. Otherwise, users will have to install QuickTime 7 from the "Optional Installs" directory of the Snow Leopard DVD after installing the OS.
Mac OS X Lion and later also include QuickTime X. No installer for QuickTime 7 is included with these software packages, but users can download the QuickTime 7 installer from the Apple support site. QuickTime X on later versions of macOS support cut, copy and paste functions similarly to the way QuickTime 7 Pro did; the interface has been significantly modified to simplify these operations, however.
On September 24, 2018, Apple ended support for QuickTime 7 and QuickTime Pro, and updated many download and support pages on their website to state that QuickTime 7 "will not be compatible with future macOS releases."
File formats
The native file format for QuickTime video, QuickTime File Format, specifies a multimedia container file that contains one or more tracks, each of which stores a particular type of data: audio, video, effects, or text (e.g. for subtitles). Each track either contains a digitally encoded media stream (using a specific format) or a data reference to the media stream located in another file. The ability to contain abstract data references for the media data, and the separation of the media data from the media offsets and the track edit lists means that QuickTime is particularly suited for editing, as it is capable of importing and editing in place (without data copying).
Other file formats that QuickTime supports natively (to varying degrees) include AIFF, WAV, DV-DIF, MP3, and MPEG program stream. With additional QuickTime Components, it can also support ASF, DivX Media Format, Flash Video, Matroska, Ogg, and many others.
QuickTime and MPEG-4
On February 11, 1998, the ISO approved the QuickTime file format as the basis of the MPEG‑4 file format.[26] The MPEG-4 file format specification was created on the basis of the QuickTime format specification published in 2001.[27] The MP4 (.mp4) file format was published in 2001 as the revision of the MPEG-4 Part 1: Systems specification published in 1999 (ISO/IEC 14496-1:2001).[28][29][30] In 2003, the first version of MP4 format was revised and replaced by MPEG-4 Part 14: MP4 file format (ISO/IEC 14496-14:2003).[31] The MP4 file format was generalized into the ISO Base Media File Format ISO/IEC 14496-12:2004, which defines a general structure for time-based media files. It in turn is used as the basis for other multimedia file formats (for example 3GP, Motion JPEG 2000).[32][33]
[34]
[35]
[36] A list of all registered extensions for ISO Base Media File Format is published on the official registration authority website www.mp4ra.org. This registration authority for code-points in "MP4 Family" files is Apple Computer Inc. and it is named in Annex D (informative) in MPEG-4 Part 12.[35]
By 2000, MPEG-4 formats became industry standards, first appearing with support in QuickTime 6 in 2002. Accordingly, the MPEG-4 container is designed to capture, edit, archive, and distribute media, unlike the simple file-as-stream approach of MPEG-1 and MPEG-2.[37]
Profile support
QuickTime 6 added limited support for MPEG-4, specifically encoding and decoding using Simple Profile (SP). Advanced Simple Profile (ASP) features, like B-frames, were unsupported (in contrast with, for example, encoders such as XviD or 3ivx). QuickTime 7 supports the H.264 encoder and decoder.[38]
Container benefits
Because both MOV and MP4 containers can use the same MPEG-4 codecs, they are mostly interchangeable in a QuickTime-only environment. MP4, being an international standard, has more support. This is especially true on hardware devices, such as the Sony PSP and various DVD players, on the software side, most DirectShow / Video for Windows codec packs[39][40] include a MP4 parser, but not one for MOV.
In QuickTime Pro's MPEG-4 Export dialog, an option called "Passthrough" allows a clean export to MP4 without affecting the audio or video streams. QuickTime 7 now supports multichannel AAC-LC and HE-AAC audio (used, for example, in the high-definition trailers on Apple's site),[41] for both .MOV and .MP4 containers.
History
Apple released the first version of QuickTime on December 2, 1991, as a multimedia add-on for System 6 and later. The lead developer of QuickTime, Bruce Leak, ran the first public demonstration at the May 1991 Worldwide Developers Conference, where he played Apple's famous 1984 advertisement in a window at 320×240 pixels resolution.
QuickTime 1.x
The original video codecs included:
- the Animation codec, which used run-length encoding and was better suited to cartoon-type images with large areas of flat color
- the Apple Video codec (also known as "Road Pizza"), suited to normal live-action video.[42]
- the Graphics codec, for 8-bit images, including ones that had undergone dithering
The first commercial project produced using QuickTime 1.0 was the CD-ROM From Alice to Ocean. The first publicly visible use of QuickTime was Ben & Jerry's interactive factory tour (dubbed The Rik & Joe Show after its in-house developers). The Rik and Joe Show was demonstrated onstage at MacWorld in San Francisco when John Sculley announced QuickTime.[43]
Apple released QuickTime 1.5 for Mac OS in the latter part of 1992. This added the SuperMac-developed Cinepak vector-quantization video codec (initially known as Compact Video). It could play video at 320×240 resolution at 30 frames per second on a 25 MHz Motorola 68040 CPU. It also added text tracks, which allowed for captioning, lyrics and other potential uses.
Apple contracted San Francisco Canyon Company to port QuickTime to the Windows platform.[44] Version 1.0 of QuickTime for Windows provided only a subset of the full QuickTime API, including only movie playback functions driven through the standard movie controller.
QuickTime 1.6 came out the following year. Version 1.6.2 first incorporated the "QuickTime PowerPlug" which replaced some components with PowerPC-native code when running on PowerPC Macs.
QuickTime 2.x
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Apple released QuickTime 2.0 for System Software 7 in June 1994—the only version never released for free. It added support for music tracks, which contained the equivalent of MIDI data and which could drive a sound-synthesis engine built into QuickTime itself (using a limited set of instrument sounds licensed from Roland), or any external MIDI-compatible hardware, thereby producing sounds using only small amounts of movie data.
Following Bruce Leak's departure to Web TV, the leadership of the QuickTime team was taken over by Peter Hoddie.
QuickTime 2.0 for Windows appeared in November 1994 under the leadership of Paul Charlton. As part of the development effort for cross-platform QuickTime, Charlton (as architect and technical lead), along with ace individual contributor Michael Kellner and a small highly effective team including Keith Gurganus, ported a subset of the Macintosh Toolbox to Intel and other platforms (notably, MIPS and SGI Unix variants) as the enabling infrastructure for the QuickTime Media Layer (QTML) which was first demonstrated at the Apple Worldwide Developers Conference (WWDC) in May 1996. The QTML later became the foundation for the Carbon API which allowed legacy Macintosh applications to run on the Darwin kernel in Mac OS X.[citation needed]
The next versions, 2.1 and 2.5, reverted to the previous model of giving QuickTime away for free. They improved the music support and added sprite tracks which allowed the creation of complex animations with the addition of little more than the static sprite images to the size of the movie. QuickTime 2.5 also fully integrated QuickTime VR 2.0.1 into QuickTime as a QuickTime extension. On January 16, 1997, Apple released the QuickTime MPEG Extension (PPC only) as an add-on to QuickTime 2.5, which added software MPEG-1 playback capabilities to QuickTime.
Lawsuit against San Francisco Canyon
In 1994, Apple filed suit against software developer San Francisco Canyon for intellectual property infringement and breach of contract.[45] Apple alleged that San Francisco Canyon had helped develop Video for Windows using several hundred lines of unlicensed QuickTime source code. They were contracted by Intel to help make Video for Windows better use system resources on Intel processors, which was subsequently unilaterally removed.[44] Microsoft and Intel were added to the lawsuit in 1995. The suit ended in a settlement in 1997.
QuickTime 3.x
The release of QuickTime 3.0 for Mac OS on March 30, 1998, introduced the now-standard revenue model of releasing the software for free, but with additional features of the Apple-provided MoviePlayer application that end-users could only unlock by buying a QuickTime Pro license code. Since the "Pro" features were the same as the existing features in QuickTime 2.5, any previous user of QuickTime could continue to use an older version of the central MoviePlayer application for the remaining lifespan of Mac OS to 2002, indeed, since these additional features were limited to MoviePlayer, any other QuickTime-compatible application remained unaffected.
QuickTime 3.0 added support for graphics importer components that could read images from GIF, JPEG, TIFF, and other file formats, and video output components which served primarily to export movie data via FireWire. Apple also licensed several third-party technologies for inclusion in QuickTime 3.0, including the Sorenson Video codec for advanced video compression, the QDesign Music codec for substantial audio compression, and the complete Roland Sound Canvas instrument set and GS Format extensions for improved playback of MIDI music files. It also added video effects which programmers could apply in real-time to video tracks. Some of these effects would even respond to mouse clicks by the user, as part of the new movie interaction support (known as wired movies).
QuickTime interactive
During the development cycle for QuickTime 3.0, part of the engineering team was working on a more advanced version of QuickTime to be known as QuickTime interactive or QTi. Although similar in concept to the wired movies feature released as part of QuickTime 3.0, QuickTime interactive was much more ambitious. It allowed any QuickTime movie to be a fully interactive and programmable container for media. A special track type was added that contained an interpreter for a custom programming language based on 68000 assembly language. This supported a comprehensive user interaction model for mouse and keyboard event handling based in part on the AML language from the Apple Media Tool.
The QuickTime interactive movie was to have been the playback format for the next generation of HyperCard authoring tool. Both the QuickTime interactive and the HyperCard 3.0 projects were canceled in order to concentrate engineering resources on streaming support for QuickTime 4.0, and the projects were never released to the public.
QuickTime 4.x
Apple released QuickTime 4.0 on June 8, 1999[46] for Mac OS 7.5.5 through 8.6 (later Mac OS 9) and Windows 95, Windows 98, and Windows NT. Three minor updates (versions 4.0.1, 4.0.2, and 4.0.3) followed.[47] It introduced features that most users now consider basic:[48]
- Graphics exporter components, which could write some of the same formats that the previously introduced importers could read. (GIF support was omitted, possibly because of the LZW patent.)
- Support for the QDesign Music 2 and MPEG-1 Layer 3 audio (MP3).
- QuickTime 4 was the first version to support streaming. It was accompanied by the release of the free QuickTime Streaming Server version 1.0.
- QuickTime 4 Player introduced brushed metal to the Macintosh user interface.
On December 17, 1999, Apple provided QuickTime 4.1, this version's first major update.[46] Two minor versions (4.1.1 and 4.1.2) followed.[49] The most notable improvements in the 4.1.x family were:[50]
- Support for files larger than 2.0 GB in Mac OS 9. (This is a consequence of Mac OS 9 requiring the HFS Plus filesystem.[51])
- Variable bit rate (VBR) support for MPEG-1 Layer 3 (MP3) audio.
- Support for Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL).
- Introduction of AppleScript support in Mac OS.
- The requirement of a PowerPC processor for Mac OS systems. QuickTime 4.1 dropped support for Motorola 68k Macintosh systems.
QuickTime 5.x
QuickTime 5 was one of the shortest-lived versions of QuickTime, released in April 2001 and superseded by QuickTime 6 a little over a year later. This version was the last to have greater capabilities under Mac OS 9 than under Mac OS X, and the last version of QuickTime to support Mac OS versions 7.5.5 through 8.5.1 on a PowerPC Mac and Windows 95. Version 5.0 was initially only released for Mac OS and Mac OS X on April 14, 2001, and version 5.0.1 followed shortly thereafter on April 23, 2001, supporting the classic Mac OS, Mac OS X, and Windows.[52] Three more updates to QuickTime 5 (versions 5.0.2, 5.0.4, and 5.0.5) were released over its short lifespan.
QuickTime 5 delivered the following enhancements:[53]
- MPEG-1 playback for Windows, and updated MPEG-1 Layer 3 audio support for all systems.
- Sorenson Video 3 playback and export[54] (added with the 5.0.2 update).[55]
- Realtime rendering of effects & transitions in DV files, including enhancements to DV rendering, multiprocessor support, and Altivec enhancements for PowerPC G4 systems.
- Flash 4 playback and export.
- A new QuickTime VR engine, adding support for cubic VR panoramas.
QuickTime 6.x
On July 15, 2002, Apple released QuickTime 6.0, providing the following features:[56]
- MPEG-4 playback, import, and export, including MPEG-4 Part 2 video and AAC Audio.
- Support for Flash 5, JPEG 2000, and improved Exif handling.
- Instant-on streaming playback.
- MPEG-2 playback (via the purchase of Apple's MPEG-2 Playback Component).
- Scriptable ActiveX control.
QuickTime 6 was initially available for Mac OS 8.6 – 9.x, Mac OS X (10.1.5 minimum), and Windows 98, Me, 2000, and XP. Development of QuickTime 6 for Mac OS slowed considerably in early 2003, after the release of Mac OS X v10.2 in August 2002. QuickTime 6 for Mac OS continued on the 6.0.x path, eventually stopping with version 6.0.3.[57]
QuickTime 6.1 & 6.1.1 for Mac OS X v10.1 and Mac OS X v10.2 (released October 22, 2002)[58] and QuickTime 6.1 for Windows (released March 31, 2003)[59] offered ISO-Compliant MPEG-4 file creation and fixed the CAN-2003-0168 vulnerability.
Apple released QuickTime 6.2 exclusively for Mac OS X on April 29, 2003, to provide support for iTunes 4, which allowed AAC encoding for songs in the iTunes library.[60] (iTunes was not available for Windows until October 2003.)
On June 3, 2003, Apple released QuickTime 6.3, delivering the following:[61]
- Support for 3GPP, including 3G Text, video, and audio (AAC and AMR codecs).
- Support for the .3gp, .amr, and .sdv file formats via separate component.
QuickTime 6.4, released on October 16, 2003, for Mac OS X v10.2, Mac OS X v10.3, and Windows, added the following:[62]
- Addition of the Apple Pixlet codec (only for Mac OS X v10.3 and later).
- ColorSync support.
- Integrated 3GPP.
On December 18, 2003, Apple released QuickTime 6.5, supporting the same systems as version 6.4. Versions 6.5.1 and 6.5.2 followed on April 28, 2004, and October 27, 2004. These versions would be the last to support Windows 98 and Me. The 6.5 family added the following features:[63]
- 3GPP2 and AMC mobile multimedia formats.
- QCELP voice code.
- Apple Lossless (in version 6.5.1[64][65]).
QuickTime 6.5.3 was released on October 12, 2005, for Mac OS X v10.2.8 after the release of QuickTime 7.0, fixing a number of security issues.
QuickTime 7.x
Initially released on April 29, 2005, in conjunction with Mac OS X v10.4 (for version 10.3.9 and 10.4.x), QuickTime 7.0 featured the following:[66][67]
- Improved MPEG-4 compliance.
- A H.264/MPEG-4 AVC codec (does not support the AVCHD H.264 AVC format from Sony HD camcorders).
- Support for Core Audio, a set of Application programming interfaces that supports high resolution sound and replaces Sound Manager.[68]
- Support for using Core Image filters in Mac OS X v10.4 on live video (Not to be confused with Core Video).
- Support for Quartz Composer (.qtz) animations.
- Support for distinct decode order and display order.
- QuickTime Kit Framework (QTKit), a Cocoa framework for QuickTime.
After a couple of preview Windows releases,[69] Apple released 7.0.2 as the first stable release on September 7, 2005, for Windows 2000 and Windows XP. Version 7.0.4, released on January 10, 2006, was the first universal binary version. But it suffered numerous bugs, including a buffer overrun, which is more problematic to most users.
Apple dropped support for Windows 2000 with the release of QuickTime 7.2 on July 11, 2007.[70] The last version available for Windows 2000, 7.1.6, contains numerous security vulnerabilities.[71] References to this version have been removed from the QuickTime site, but it can be downloaded from Apple's support section.[72] Apple has not indicated that they will be providing any further security updates for older versions. QuickTime 7.2 is the first version for Windows Vista.
Apple dropped support for Flash content in QuickTime 7.3, breaking content that relied on Flash for interactivity, or animation tracks. Security concerns seem to be part of the decision.[73] Flash flv files can still be played in QuickTime if the free Perian plugin is added.
In QuickTime 7.3, a processor that supports SSE is required. QuickTime 7.4 does not require SSE. Unlike versions 7.2 and 7.3, QuickTime 7.4 cannot be installed on Windows XP without service packs or with Service Pack 1/1A installed (its setup program checks if Service Pack 2 is installed).
QuickTime 7.5 was released on June 10, 2008.[74] QuickTime 7.5.5 was released on September 9, 2008,[75] which requires Mac OS X v10.4 or higher, dropping 10.3 support. QuickTime 7.6 was released on January 21, 2009.[76] QuickTime 7.7 was released on August 3, 2011.[77]
QuickTime 7.6.6 is available for OS X, 10.6.3 Snow Leopard until 10.14 Mojave, as 10.15 Catalina will only support 64-bit applications.[78] There is a 7.7 release of QuickTime 7 for OS X, but it is only for Leopard 10.5.[79]
QuickTime 7.7.6 is the last release for Windows XP Service Pack 2 or 3.
QuickTime 7.7.9 is the last Windows release of QuickTime. Apple stopped supporting QuickTime on Windows afterwards.[14]
Safari 12, released on September 17, 2018, for macOS Sierra and macOS High Sierra (and the default browser included on macOS Mojave released on September 24, 2018), which drops support for NPAPI plug-ins (except for Adobe Flash) dropped its support for QuickTime 7's web plugin. On September 24, 2018, Apple dropped support for the macOS version of QuickTime 7. This effectively marked the end of the technology in Apple's codec and web development.
Starting with macOS Catalina, QuickTime 7 applications, image, audio and video codecs will no longer be compatible with macOS or supported by Apple.
QuickTime X
QuickTime X (pronounced QuickTime Ten)[80] was initially demonstrated at WWDC on June 8, 2009, and shipped with Mac OS X v10.6.[81]
It includes visual chapters,[82] conversion, sharing to YouTube, video editing,[83] capture of video and audio streams, screen recording,[84] GPU acceleration, and live streaming.[85]
But it removed support for various widely used formats, in particular the omission of MIDI caused significant inconvenience and trouble to many musicians and their potential audiences.[86]
In addition, a screen recorder is featured which records whatever is on the screen. However it is not possible to capture certain Digital rights management protected content. This includes iTunes/Apple TV video purchases, or any content protected by Apple's FairPlay DRM technology. While Safari uses FairPlay, Google Chrome and Firefox use Widevine for DRM, whose content is not protected from QuickTime screen capturing.
The reason for the jump in numbering from 7 to 10 (X) was to indicate a similar break with the previous versions of the product that Mac OS X indicated. QuickTime X is fundamentally different from previous versions, in that it is provided as a Cocoa (Objective-C) framework and breaks compatibility with the previous QuickTime 7 C-based APIs that were previously used. QuickTime X was completely rewritten to implement modern audio video codecs in 64-bit. QuickTime X is a combination of two technologies: QuickTime Kit Framework (QTKit) and QuickTime X Player. QTKit is used by QuickTime player to display media. QuickTime X does not implement all of the functionality of the previous QuickTime as well as some of the codecs. When QuickTime X attempts to operate with a 32-bit codec or perform an operation not supported by QuickTime X, it will start a 32-bit helper process to perform the requested operation. The website Ars Technica revealed that QuickTime X uses QuickTime 7.x via QTKit to run older codecs that have not made the transition to 64-bit.[87]
QuickTime X does not support .SRT subtitle files.[88] It has been suggested using the program Subler to interleave the MP4 and SRT files will fix this oversight, which can be downloaded at Bitbucket.[89]
QuickTime 7 may still be required to support older formats on Snow Leopard such as QTVR, interactive QuickTime movies, and MIDI files. In such cases, a compatible version of QuickTime 7 is included on Snow Leopard installation disc and may be installed side-by-side with QuickTime X. Users who have a Pro license for QuickTime 7 can then activate their license.[90]
A Snow Leopard compatible version of QuickTime 7 may also be downloaded from Apple Support website.[91]
The software got an increment with the release of Mavericks, and as of August 2018, the current version is v10.5. It contains more sharing options (email, YouTube, Facebook, Flickr etc.), more export options (including web export in multiple sizes, and export for iPhone 4/iPad/Apple TV (but not Apple TV 2). It also includes a new way of fast forwarding through a video and mouse support for scrolling.[92]
Starting with macOS Catalina, Apple only provides QuickTime X, as QuickTime 7 was never updated to 64-bit, affecting many applications, image, audio, and video formats utilizing QuickTime 7, and compatibility with these codecs in QuickTime X.
Platform support
| OS | Latest version |
|---|---|
| System 6.0.7 – 7.0.1 | 2.5[93] |
| System 7.1 – 8.1 on 68K | 4.0.3[94] |
| System 7.1.2 – 7.5.3 on PowerPC | 4.0.3[94] |
| System 7.5.5 – 8.5.1 on PowerPC | 5.0.5[95] |
| Mac OS 8.6 – 9 | 6.0.3[96] |
| Mac OS X v10.0 | 5.0 (bundled) |
| Mac OS X v10.1 | 6.3.1[97] |
| Mac OS X v10.2 | 6.5.3[98] |
| Mac OS X v10.3 | 7.5[99] |
| Mac OS X v10.4 | 7.6.4[100] |
| Mac OS X v10.5 | 7.7[79] |
| Mac OS X v10.6 | 10.0[101] / 7.6.6[78] (optional) |
| Mac OS X v10.7 | 10.1[102] / 7.6.6[78] (optional) |
| OS X v10.8 | 10.2[citation needed] / 7.6.6[78] (optional) |
| OS X v10.9 | 10.3[citation needed] / 7.6.6[78] (optional) |
| OS X v10.10 | 10.4[citation needed] / 7.6.6[78] (optional) |
| OS X v10.11 | 10.4 (855)[citation needed] / 7.6.6[78] (optional) |
| macOS v10.12 | 10.4[citation needed] / 7.6.6[78] (optional) |
| macOS v10.13 | 10.4[citation needed] / 7.6.6[78] (optional) |
| macOS v10.14 | 10.5[citation needed] / 7.6.6[78] (optional) |
| macOS v10.15 and later | 10.5[citation needed] |
| OS | Latest version |
|---|---|
| Windows 3.1 – Windows NT 3.51 | 2.1.2[103][104] |
| Windows 95 | 5.0.5[105] |
| Windows NT 4.0 | 6.1[106] |
| Windows 98, ME | 6.5.2[107] |
| Windows 2000 | 7.1.6[108] |
| Windows XP RTM, SP1 | 7.3.1 |
| Windows XP SP2, SP3 | 7.7.6[109] |
| Windows Vista and Windows 7 | 7.7.9[110] |
Creating software that uses QuickTime
QuickTime X
| This section needs expansion. You can help by adding missing information. (March 2013) |
QuickTime X previously provided the QTKit Framework on Mac OS 10.6 until 10.14.[111] Since the release of macOS 10.15, AVKit and AVFoundation are used instead (due to the removal of 32-bit audio and video codecs, as well as image formats and APIs supported by QuickTime 7).
Previous versions
QuickTime consists of two major subsystems: the Movie Toolbox and the Image Compression Manager. The Movie Toolbox consists of a general API for handling time-based data, while the Image Compression Manager provides services for dealing with compressed raster data as produced by video and photo codecs.
Developers can use the QuickTime software development kit (SDK) to develop multimedia applications for Mac or Windows with the C programming language or with the Java programming language (see QuickTime for Java), or, under Windows, using COM/ActiveX from a language supporting this.
The COM/ActiveX option was introduced as part of QuickTime 7 for Windows and is intended for programmers who want to build standalone Windows applications using high-level QuickTime movie playback and control with some import, export, and editing capabilities. This is considerably easier than mastering the original QuickTime C API.[112]
QuickTime 7 for Mac introduced the QuickTime Kit (aka QTKit), a developer framework that is intended to replace previous APIs for Cocoa developers. This framework is for Mac only, and exists as Objective-C abstractions around a subset of the C interface. Mac OS X v10.5 extends QTKit to full 64-bit support. The QTKit allows multiplexing between QuickTime X and QuickTime 7 behind the scenes so that the user need not worry about which version of QuickTime they need to use.
Bugs and vulnerabilities
QuickTime 7.4 was found to disable Adobe's video compositing program, After Effects.[113][114][115] This was due to the DRM built into version 7.4 since it allowed movie rentals from iTunes. QuickTime 7.4.1 resolved this issue.[116]
Versions 4.0 through 7.3 contained a buffer overflow bug which could compromise the security of a PC using either the QuickTime Streaming Media client, or the QuickTime player itself.[117] The bug was fixed in version 7.3.1.
QuickTime 7.5.5 and earlier are known to have a list of significant vulnerabilities that allow a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (out-of-bounds memory access and application crash) on a targeted system. The list includes six types of buffer overflow,[118][119][120][121][122][123] data conversion,[124] signed vs. unsigned integer mismatch,[125] and uninitialized memory pointer.[126]
QuickTime 7.6 has been found to disable Mac users' ability to play certain games, such as Civilization IV and The Sims 2. There are fixes available from the publisher, Aspyr.[127]
QuickTime 7 lacks support for H.264 Sample Aspect Ratio.[128] QuickTime X does not have this limitation,[citation needed] but many Apple products (such as Apple TV) still use the older QuickTime 7 engine. iTunes previously utilized QuickTime 7, but as of October 2019, iTunes no longer utilizes the older QuickTime 7 engine.[129]
QuickTime 7.7.x on Windows fails to encode H.264 on multi-core systems with more than approximately 20 threads, e.g. HP Z820 with 2× 8-core CPUs. A suggested solution[by whom?] is to disable hyper-threading/limit CPU cores. Encoding speed and stability depends on the scaling of the player window.[citation needed]
On April 14, 2016, Christopher Budd of Trend Micro announced that Apple has ceased all security patching of QuickTime for Windows, and called attention to two Zero Day Initiative advisories, ZDI-16-241[130] and ZDI-16-242,[131] issued by Trend Micro's subsidiary TippingPoint on that same day.[15] Also on that same day, the United States Computer Emergency Readiness Team issued alert TA16-105A, encapsulating Budd's announcement and the Zero Day Initiative advisories.[16] Apple responded with a statement that QuickTime 7 for Windows is no longer supported by Apple.[14]
See also
References
- 1 2 3 4 5 Ferncase 2003, pp. 1–2.
- 1 2 3 Monroe 2004, p. xv.
- ↑ Goodin, Dan (April 14, 2016). "Apple stops patching QuickTime for Windows despite 2 active vulnerabilities". Ars Technica. Retrieved January 6, 2023.
- ↑ Hsu, Hansen (March 30, 2018). "QuickTime and the Rise of Multimedia". CHM. Retrieved January 6, 2023.
- ↑ "Happy birthday, Apple QuickTime". The Register. Retrieved January 6, 2023.
- ↑ "Apple QuickTime Software 1991 - A Technical Description". Museums Victoria Collections. Retrieved January 6, 2023.
- ↑ Hansen, Evan. "QuickTime prepared to make its comeback". CNET. Retrieved January 6, 2023.
- ↑ "Promising prospect: Perian". Macworld. Retrieved January 6, 2023.
- 1 2 "Technical Note TN2300: Transitioning QTKit Code to AV Foundation". May 28, 2013. Archived from the original on September 2, 2016.
- 1 2 Thornton, Mike (December 4, 2018). "Apple Announce End Of Native Support For Avid DNx Codecs - Avid Respond. Why This Matters For Pro Tools Users | Pro Tools - The leading website for Pro Tools users". ProToolsExpert. Retrieved January 6, 2023.
- ↑ Oakley, Howard (March 26, 2022). "Explainer: Whatever happened to QuickTime?". The Eclectic Light Company. Retrieved January 6, 2023.
- 1 2 Siracusa, John (September 1, 2009). "Mac OS X 10.6 Snow Leopard: the Ars Technica review". Ars Technica. Retrieved January 6, 2023.
- ↑ "Getting started with QuickTime Player X". Macworld. Retrieved January 6, 2023.
- 1 2 3 "Download QuickTime 7.7.9 for Windows". Apple. Retrieved April 30, 2016.
QuickTime 7 for Windows is no longer supported by Apple.
- 1 2 Budd, Christopher (April 14, 2016). "Urgent Call to Action: Uninstall QuickTime for Windows Today". SIMPLYsecurity blog. Trend Micro. Retrieved April 14, 2016.
- 1 2 "Alert (TA16-105A) ~ Apple Ends Support for QuickTime for Windows; New Vulnerabilities Announced". National Cyber Awareness System. Alerts. United States Computer Emergency Readiness Team. April 14, 2016. Archived from the original on April 14, 2016. Retrieved April 14, 2016.
- ↑ "MacWorld – Mac 911 – Full screen for free". Retrieved January 27, 2007.
- ↑ "Apple – Support – Downloads – QuickTime 7.2 for Mac". Archived from the original on July 13, 2007. Retrieved July 12, 2007.
- ↑ "Apple – Mac OS X – Quartz Extreme". Archived from the original on October 10, 2003. Retrieved January 16, 2007.
- ↑ "Re: batch export : where is sorenson ?". Archived from the original on December 7, 2008. Retrieved June 6, 2008.
- ↑ "Apple – QuickTime – QuickTime Player – Tech Specs". Archived from the original on July 24, 2008. Retrieved April 15, 2010.
- ↑ "Apple – QuickTime – MPEG-2 Playback". Archived from the original on April 14, 2010. Retrieved April 15, 2010.
QuickTime has the ability to play back MPEG-2 content via the QuickTime MPEG-2 Playback Component. It is available as an add-on to QuickTime 7 for $19.99 in the Apple Store online.
- ↑ "Common Internet file formats". Apple Support. Apple. Retrieved January 24, 2011.
Many of the multimedia file types listed below can be opened with QuickTime Player, Preview (Mac OS X) or PictureViewer (Mac OS 8, 9).
- ↑ "QuickTime for Windows 7.3 Help". Apple Support. Apple. Archived from the original on July 7, 2011. Retrieved January 24, 2011.
- ↑ "Apple – QuickTime – QuickTime Pro". Archived from the original on January 10, 2007. Retrieved January 10, 2007.
- ↑ "ISO ADOPTS QUICKTIME FILE FORMAT AS STARTING POINT FOR DEVELOPIN". Bloomberg News. February 11, 1998. Archived from the original on April 20, 2022.
- ↑ Apple Inc. (2001). "Classic Version of the QuickTime File Format Specification". Retrieved June 14, 2009.
- ↑ Library of Congress, US (2001). "MPEG-4 File Format, Version 1". Archived from the original on March 20, 2017. Retrieved June 14, 2009.
- ↑ Y. Lim; D. Singer (March 2006). MIME Type Registration for MPEG-4. Network Working Group. doi:10.17487/RFC4337. RFC 4337. Proposed Standard. Updated by RFC 6381.
- ↑ International Organization for Standardization (2001). "MPEG-4 Part 1: Systems; ISO/IEC 14496-1:2001". Retrieved June 11, 2009.
- ↑ International Organization for Standardization (2003). "MPEG-4 Part 14: MP4 file format; ISO/IEC 14496-14:2003". Retrieved June 11, 2009.
- ↑ "References, MPEG-4 Registration authority". MP4REG – MP4 Registration authority. Archived from the original on August 8, 2012.
- ↑ International Organization for Standardization (April 2006). ISO Base Media File Format white paper – Proposal (Technical report). MPEG. Archived from the original on July 14, 2008.
- ↑ International Organization for Standardization (October 2009). ISO Base Media File Format white paper – Proposal (Technical report). MPEG. Archived from the original on October 19, 2010.
- 1 2 International Organization for Standardization (2008). ISO/IEC 14496-12:2008, Information technology – Coding of audio-visual objects – Part 12: ISO base media file format (PDF) (Technical report). International Organization for Standardization. pp. 88, 94. Retrieved May 30, 2009.[dead link]
- ↑ International Organization for Standardization (2004). "MPEG-4 Part 12: ISO base media file format; ISO/IEC 14496-12:2004". Retrieved June 11, 2009.
- ↑ "Apple – QuickTime – Technologies – MPEG-4". Archived from the original on January 11, 2007. Retrieved January 16, 2007.
- ↑ "QuickTime for Windows 7.0 Help". Archived from the original on January 27, 2008.
- ↑ "DefilerPak - A lightweight codec pack for Windows PCs". Archived from the original on August 15, 2015. Retrieved August 15, 2015.
- ↑ "www.k-litecodecpack.com". Retrieved August 15, 2015.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link) - ↑ "iTunes Movie Trailers". Archived from the original on February 13, 2010. Retrieved August 15, 2015.
- ↑ Apple RPZA - MultimediaWiki. wiki.multimedia.cx (December 11, 2008). Retrieved on August 23, 2013.
- ↑ "The Complete History of the Macworld Expo". Archived from the original on August 4, 2014. Retrieved August 2, 2013.
- 1 2 Carlton, Jim (1997). Apple: The inside story of intrigue, egomania, and business blunders. New York: Random House. p. 309. ISBN 0-8129-2851-2.
- ↑ Markoff, John (December 12, 1994). "Apple Lawsuit May Renew Legal Battle With Microsoft". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved April 15, 2016.
- 1 2 "Timeline of QuickTime Updates at the Apple Museum". Archived from the original on November 30, 2011. Retrieved January 6, 2007.
- ↑ "Apple – Developer – QuickTime – Technical Note TN1183". Retrieved January 8, 2007.
- ↑ "Apple – Developer – QuickTime – What's New in QuickTime". Retrieved January 8, 2007.
- ↑ "Apple – Developer – QuickTime – Technical Note TN1197". Retrieved January 8, 2007.
- ↑ "Apple – Developer – QuickTime – Summary of Changes and Enhancements for QuickTime 4.1". Retrieved January 8, 2007.
- ↑ "Mac OS 8, 9: Mac OS Extended Format - Volume and File Limits". support.apple.com. Retrieved June 9, 2020.
- ↑ "Timeline of QuickTime Updates at the Apple Museum". Archived from the original on November 30, 2011. Retrieved January 6, 2007.
- ↑ "Apple – Developer – QuickTime 5 – Summary of Changes and Enhancements". Archived from the original on November 5, 2003. Retrieved January 6, 2007.
- ↑ Apple (October 10, 2000) Apple Releases QuickTime 5 and QuickTime Streaming Server 3 Public Previews Archived September 19, 2010, at the Wayback Machine, retrieved on August 9, 2009
- ↑ Sorenson Media (July 2, 2001) Sorenson Media Announces the Availability of Sorenson Video 3 Exclusively for QuickTime Archived June 6, 2011, at the Wayback Machine, retrieved on August 9, 2009
- ↑ "Apple – QuickTime 6 – Summary of Changes and Enhancements". Archived from the original on November 5, 2003. Retrieved January 8, 2007.
- ↑ "Apple – QuickTime 6.0.3 for Mac OS 8.6/9". Retrieved January 4, 2007.
- ↑ "Apple – QuickTime: About the QuickTime 6.1.1 Update". Archived from the original on January 28, 2008. Retrieved January 8, 2007.
- ↑ "Apple – QuickTime for Windows: About the QuickTime 6.1 Update". Archived from the original on January 28, 2008. Retrieved January 8, 2007.
- ↑ "Apple – QuickTime: About the QuickTime 6.2 Update". Archived from the original on January 28, 2008. Retrieved January 8, 2007.
- ↑ "Apple – QuickTime: About QuickTime 6.3". Archived from the original on January 28, 2008. Retrieved January 8, 2007.
- ↑ "Apple – Developer – What's New in QuickTime 6.4 For Mac OS X". Retrieved January 8, 2007.
- ↑ "Apple – Developer – What's New in QuickTime 6.5 For Mac OS X". Archived from the original on February 23, 2008. Retrieved January 8, 2007.
- ↑ "QuickTime 6.5.1 adds Lossless Encoder, improves AAC". Neowin. April 28, 2004. Retrieved January 24, 2016.
- ↑ "QuickTime 6.5.1 adds Lossless Encoder, improves AAC". Macworld. April 28, 2004. Retrieved January 24, 2016.
- ↑ "ArsTechnica – Video in Tiger". Retrieved May 5, 2015.
- ↑ "Apple – Developer – QuickTime 7 Update Guide". Retrieved January 9, 2007.
- ↑ "Apple – Developer – QuickTime 7 Audio Enhancements". Archived from the original on July 6, 2008. Retrieved January 9, 2007.
- ↑ "Apple Unveils Preview Release of QuickTime 7 for Windows". Archived from the original on March 19, 2007. Retrieved June 1, 2007.
- ↑ "Apple – QuickTime – Download – QuickTime Version Availability". Archived from the original on May 25, 2007. Retrieved July 16, 2007.
- ↑ "Apple Releases Security Updates for QuickTime". Archived from the original on August 30, 2007. Retrieved July 16, 2007.
- ↑ Apple – Support – Downloads – QuickTime 7.1.6 for Windows
- ↑ "About the security content of QuickTime 7.3.1". Apple. December 13, 2007. Archived from the original on March 11, 2008. Retrieved April 10, 2008.
- ↑ "Apple releases QuickTime 7.5 for Mac and Windows". MacDailyNews. June 10, 2008. Retrieved June 13, 2017.
- ↑ "Apple Releases QuickTime 7.5.5". MacRumors. September 9, 2008. Retrieved November 8, 2020.
- ↑ "Apple - Support - Downloads". support.apple.com. Retrieved November 8, 2020.
- ↑ "QuickTime 7.7 released for Mac OS X Leopard and Windows". Engadget. August 4, 2011. Retrieved November 8, 2020.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 "QuickTime Player 7 for Mac OS X v10.6.3 or later". Retrieved August 15, 2015.
- 1 2 "QuickTime 7.7 for Leopard". Archived from the original on January 8, 2015. Retrieved August 15, 2015.
- ↑ "WWDC 2008: New in Mac OS X Snow Leopard". Archived from the original on October 17, 2008. Retrieved August 15, 2015.
- ↑ Victor Agreda Jr. "QuickTime X leaps forward in Snow Leopard". Engadget. Archived from the original on January 31, 2015. Retrieved August 15, 2015.
- ↑ thumbnail images for chapters instead of only text
- ↑ trimming through a frame-based timeline akin to iMovie's
- ↑ allowing basic screencasting built-in
- ↑ OSX Leopard enhancements: QuickTime X Archived August 20, 2014, at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ "No MIDI Instruments in Quicktime X". Retrieved April 7, 2014.
- ↑ "Mac OS X 10.6 Snow Leopard: the Ars Technica review QuickTime X". September 2009. Retrieved September 29, 2009.
- ↑ "QuickTime X can't use .srt files". Ask Different. Retrieved August 8, 2019.
- ↑ "Subler Downloads". Bitbucket.org. Retrieved August 8, 2019.
- ↑ "Installing QuickTime Player 7 on Mac OS X v10.6 Snow Leopard". Apple Support. Apple. May 6, 2010. Retrieved May 14, 2010.
- ↑ "QuickTime Player 7.6.6 for Mac OS X v10.6.3". Apple Support. Apple. May 10, 2010. Retrieved May 14, 2010.
- ↑ "How to use QuickTime Player". Apple Support. Retrieved May 26, 2018.
- ↑ "Download QuickTime for Macintosh". Archived from the original on December 19, 1996. Retrieved April 14, 2016.
- 1 2 "QuickTime 4.0.3 for Mac: Information and Download". Retrieved April 14, 2016.
- ↑ "QuickTime 5 for Mac OS: Information and Download". Retrieved April 14, 2016.
- ↑ "QuickTime 6.0.3 for Mac". Retrieved April 14, 2016.
- ↑ "QuickTime 6.3.1 for Mac". Retrieved April 14, 2016.
- ↑ QuickTime 6.5.3 Archived August 8, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ "QuickTime 7.5 for Panther". Archived from the original on June 19, 2011. Retrieved April 14, 2016.
- ↑ "QuickTime 7.6.4 for Tiger". Retrieved April 14, 2016.
- ↑ QuickTime X Archived May 27, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ Andrew Cunningham; Kristian Vättö; Anand Lal Shimpi. "Safari, iChat, TextEdit, Preview, QuickTime X - Back to the Mac: OS X 10.7 Lion Review". Archived from the original on October 5, 2011. Retrieved August 15, 2015.
- ↑ "Download QuickTime for Windows 3.1". Archived from the original on December 19, 1996. Retrieved April 14, 2016.
- ↑ "Download QuickTime for Windows 95/NT". Archived from the original on December 19, 1996. Retrieved April 14, 2016.
- ↑ "QuickTime 5 for Windows : Information and Download". Retrieved April 14, 2016.
- ↑ "QuickTime 6.1 installer for Windows: Information and Download". Retrieved April 14, 2016.
- ↑ "QuickTime 6.5.2 for Windows". Retrieved April 14, 2016.
- ↑ "QuickTime 7.1.6 for Windows". Retrieved April 14, 2016.
- ↑ "QuickTime 7.7.6 for Windows". Retrieved April 14, 2016.
- ↑ "Apple - QuickTime - Download". Retrieved August 25, 2015.
- ↑ "Using the QTKit Framework". Developer Connection. Apple. September 18, 2008. Retrieved May 14, 2010.
- ↑ "Scripting the QuickTime COM/ActiveX object for Windows Developers".
- ↑ Kramer, Andrew (January 18, 2008). "Beware of the new QuickTime 7.4". Video Copilot. Retrieved May 14, 2010.
- ↑ Dalrymple, Jim (January 25, 2008). "QuickTime 7.4 breaks After Effects and Premiere". Macworld. Archived from the original on September 17, 2009. Retrieved May 14, 2010.
- ↑ Coleman, Michael (January 21, 2009). "Don't update to QuickTime 7.4". Adobe Systems Incorporated. Retrieved May 14, 2010.
- ↑ "QuickTime 7.4.1 fixes After Effects problem". Macworld.
- ↑ "Apple QuickTime RTSP Content-Type header stack buffer overflow". Retrieved December 6, 2007.
- ↑ "CVE-2014-1244 Detail". National Vulnerability Database. Gaithersburg, Maryland: National Institute of Standards and Technology. February 26, 2014. Retrieved June 30, 2018.
- ↑ "CVE-2014-1246 Detail". National Vulnerability Database. Gaithersburg, Maryland: National Institute of Standards and Technology. February 26, 2014. Retrieved June 30, 2018.
- ↑ "CVE-2014-1247 Detail". National Vulnerability Database. Gaithersburg, Maryland: National Institute of Standards and Technology. February 26, 2014. Retrieved June 30, 2018.
- ↑ "CVE-2014-1248 Detail". National Vulnerability Database. Gaithersburg, Maryland: National Institute of Standards and Technology. February 26, 2014. Retrieved June 30, 2018.
- ↑ "CVE-2014-1249 Detail". National Vulnerability Database. Gaithersburg, Maryland: National Institute of Standards and Technology. February 26, 2014. Retrieved June 30, 2018.
- ↑ "CVE-2014-1251 Detail". National Vulnerability Database. Gaithersburg, Maryland: National Institute of Standards and Technology. February 26, 2014. Retrieved June 30, 2018.
- ↑ "CVE-2014-1250 Detail". National Vulnerability Database. Gaithersburg, Maryland: National Institute of Standards and Technology. February 26, 2014. Retrieved June 30, 2018.
- ↑ "CVE-2014-1245 Detail". National Vulnerability Database. Gaithersburg, Maryland: National Institute of Standards and Technology. February 26, 2014. Retrieved June 30, 2018.
- ↑ "CVE-2014-1243 Detail". National Vulnerability Database. Gaithersburg, Maryland: National Institute of Standards and Technology. February 26, 2014. Retrieved June 30, 2018.
- ↑ "QuickTime 7.6 Fixes". Archived from the original on March 4, 2009.
- ↑ "Using MEncoder to create QuickTime-compatible files".
- ↑ "Download QuickTime 7.7.9 for Windows". Apple.
- ↑ "(0Day) Apple QuickTime moov Atom Heap Corruption Remote Code Execution Vulnerability". Zero Day Initiative. Advisories. TippingPoint. April 14, 2016. Retrieved April 14, 2016.
- ↑ "(0Day) Apple QuickTime Atom Processing Heap Corruption Remote Code Execution Vulnerability". Zero Day Initiative. Advisories. TippingPoint. April 14, 2016. Retrieved April 14, 2016.
Bibliography
- Ferncase, Richard K. (2003). QuickTime for Filmmakers. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-0-240-80496-5.
- Monroe, Tim (July 9, 2004). QuickTime Toolkit Volume One: Basic Movie Playback and Media Types. Morgan Kaufmann. pp. xv. ISBN 978-0-08-054017-7.
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