Hackathon

For an application type

Some hackathons focus on a particular platform such as mobile apps, a desktop operating system, web development or video game development.

Mobile app hackathons like Over the Air, held at Phoenix Park, Ireland, can see a large amount of corporate sponsorship and interest.^[7][8]

Music Hack Day, a hackathon for music-related software and hardware applications, is a popular event, having been held over 30 times around the world since 2009.^[9] Also Music Tech Fest, a three-day interdisciplinary festival for music ideas bringing together musicians with hackers, researchers and industry, features a hackathon.^[10] Similarly, Science Hack Day, a hackathon for making things with science, has been held over 45 times in over 15 countries around the world since 2010.^[11]

Hackathons have been held to develop applications that run on various mobile device operating systems, such as Android,^[12] iOS^[13] and MeeGo.^[14] Hackathons have also been held to develop video-based applications and computer games.^[15] Hackathons where video games are developed are sometimes called game jams.

"TV Hackfest" events have been held in both London^[16] and San Francisco,^[17] focusing mainly on social television and second screen technologies. In TV Hackfests, challenge briefs are typically submitted by content producers and brands, in the form of broadcast industry metadata or video content, while sponsors supply APIs, SDKs and pre-existing open source software code.^[18]

Hackathons have also been used in the life sciences to advance the informatics infrastructure that supports research. The Open Bioinformatics Foundation ran two hackathons for its member projects in 2002 and 2003, and since 2010 has held 2-day "codefests" preceding its annual conference.^[19] The National Evolutionary Synthesis Center has co-organized and sponsored hackathons for evolutionary bioinformatics since 2006.^[20][21] BioHackathon^[22] is an annual event that started in 2008 targeted at advancing standards to enable interoperable bioinformatics tools and Web services. Neuroscientists have also used hackathons to bring developers and scientists together to address issues that range from focusing on a specific information system (e.g., Neurosynth Hackathon^[23] and the Allen Brain Atlas Hackathon^[24]) and providing reserved time for broad scientific inquiry (e.g., Brainhack),^[25][26] to using specific challenges that focus hacking activity (e.g., HBM Hackathon).^[27]

There has been an emergence of 'datathons' or data-focused hackathons in recent years.^[28][29][30] These events challenge data scientists working with others attending to together use creativity and data analysis skills and platforms to build, test and explore solutions and dashboards which analyse huge datasets in a limited amount of time. These are increasingly being used to deliver insights in big public and private datasets in various disciplines including business,^[31] healthcare^[32][33] news media^[34] and for social causes.^[35]

Using a specific programming language, API, or framework

There have been hackathons devoted to creating applications that use a specific language or framework, like JavaScript,^[36] Node.js,^[37] HTML5^[38] and Ruby on Rails.^[39]

Some hackathons focus on applications that make use of the application programming interface, or API, from a single company or data source. Open Hack, an event run publicly by Yahoo! since 2006 (originally known as "Hack Day", then "Open Hack Day"), has focused on usage of the Yahoo! API, in addition to APIs of websites owned by Yahoo!, like Flickr.^[40] The company's Open Hack India event in 2012 had over 700 attendees.^[41] Google has run similar events for their APIs,^[42] as has the travel guide company Lonely Planet.^[43]

The website Foursquare notably held a large, global hackathon in 2011, in which over 500 developers at over 30 sites around the world competed to create applications using the Foursquare API.^[44] A second Foursquare hackathon, in 2013, had around 200 developers.^[45] The IETF organizes Hackathons for each IETF meetings which are focused on IETF Internet Draft and IETF RFC implementation for better inter-operability and improved Internet Standards.^[46]

For a cause or purpose

There have been a number of hackathons devoted to improving government, and specifically to the cause of open government.^[47] One such event, in 2011, was hosted by the United States Congress.^[48] Starting in 2012, NASA has been annually hosting the International Space Apps Challenge.

In 2014, the British government and HackerNest ran DementiaHack,^[49] the world's first hackathon dedicated to improving the lives of people living with dementia and their caregivers.^[50][51] The series continues in 2015, adding the Canadian government and Facebook as major sponsors.^[52]

The Global Game Jam, the largest video game development hackathon,^[53] often includes optional requirements called 'diversifiers'^[54] that aim to promote game accessibility and other causes.

VanHacks is an annual hackathon that is part of Vancouver Startup Week.^[55] The focus of the hackathon is creating solutions for local non-profit organizations from the Vancouver area over the course of 36 hours. VanHacks was created in 2016 by TTT Studios.^[56][57]

Various hackathons have been held to improve city transit systems.^[58] Hackathons aimed at improvements to city local services are increasing, with one of the London Councils (Hackney) creating a number of successful local solutions with a two-day Hackney-thon.^[59] There have also been a number of hackathons devoted to improving education, including Education Hack Day^[60] and on a smaller scale, looking specifically at the challenges of field work based geography education, the Field Studies Council^[61] hosted FSCHackday.^[62] Random Hacks of Kindness is another popular hackathon, devoted to disaster management and crisis response.^[63] ThePort^[64] instead is a hackathon devoted to solving humanitarian, social and public interest challenges. It's hosted by CERN with partners from other non-governmental organizations such as ICRC and UNDP.

In March 2020, numerous world-wide initiatives led by entrepreneurs and governmental representatives from European countries resulted in a series of anti-crisis hackathons Hack the Crisis, with first to happen in Estonia,^[65] followed up by Poland,^[66] Latvia, and Ukraine. Beginning in 2020, the Michal Sela Forum has run hackathons to develop technology to help prevent domestic violence.^[67]

As a tribute or a memorial

A number of hackathons around the world have been planned in memory of computer programmer and internet activist Aaron Swartz, who died in 2013.^{[68][69][70][71]}

For a demographic group

Some hackathons are intended only for programmers within a certain demographic group, like teenagers, college students, or women.^[72]

Hackathons at colleges are usually annual or semiannual events that are open to college students at all universities. They are often competitive, with awards provided by the university or programming-related sponsors.^{[citation needed]}

PennApps at the University of Pennsylvania was the first student-run college hackathon; in 2015 it became the largest college hackathon with its 12th iteration hosting over 2000 people and offering over $60k in prizes.^[73][74] The University of Mauritius Computer Club and Cyberstorm.mu organized a Hackathon dubbed "Code Wars" focused on implementing an IETF RFC in Lynx in 2017.^[75][76]

Bitcamp, held at the University of Maryland, College Park since 2014, is another large hackathon with over 1,000 high school and college students attending each year.^[77]

ShamHacks at Missouri University of Science and Technology is held annually as an outreach activity of the campus's Curtis Laws Wilson Library. ShamHacks 2018^[78] focused on problem statements to better quality of life factors for US veterans, by pairing with veteran-owned company sponsors.^[79]

For internal innovation and motivation

Some companies hold internal hackathons to promote new product innovation by the engineering staff. For example, Facebook's Like button was conceived as part of a hackathon.^[80]

To connect local tech communities

Some hackathons (such as StartupBus, founded in 2010 in Australia) combine the competitive element with a road trip, to connect local tech communities in multiple cities along the bus routes. This is now taking place across North America, Europe, Africa and Australasia.^[81]

Code sprints

In some hackathons, all work is on a single application, such as an operating system, programming language, or content management system. Such events are often known as "code sprints", and are especially popular for open source software projects, where such events are sometimes the only opportunity for developers to meet face-to-face.^[82]

Code sprints typically last from one week to three weeks and often take place near conferences at which most of the team attend. Unlike other hackathons, these events rarely include a competitive element.

The annual hackathon to work on the operating system OpenBSD, held since 1999, is one such event; it may have originated the word "hackathon".^{[citation needed]}

Datathon

A datathon is a competitive event similar to a hackathon, but with a focus on analyzing and integrating large datasets rather than building software or hardware solutions. Participants work individually, in teams, or as an online event to solve data-driven challenges within a set time frame, often using statistical analysis, numerical analysis, data mining, data visualization, algorithms, deep learning, and machine learning. Datathons are commonly organized by universities, companies, and data science communities. They are widely used in fields such as business analytics, health informatics, fin tech, and policy analysis, and are popular formats for promoting data literacy and recruitment for data science roles. Datathons typically culminate in presentations of findings, where solutions are judged based on accuracy, insight, creativity, and impact. Winners can receive prizes or scholarships.^[83][84][85]

Well-known datathons include:

• Deloitte's Datathon series^[86]
• DrivenData competitions
• Kaggle online community challenges