Carousel memory is a type of secondary storage for computers, which was created by Swedish computer engineers Erik Stemme and Gunnar Stenudd.[1] It was first shown at an exhibition in Paris in 1958.[2]
Description
The FACIT ECM 64, manufactured by Swedish company Facit AB, is a prototype of carousel memory. To avoid having a single, long magnetic tape, it instead has 64 small rolls of 9 meters each, with 1.6-cm wide tape on each roll, divided into eight channels per roll.[3]: 3 The tape speed is 5 m/s.[3]: 6 To read a particular roll, the carousel rotates so the desired roll ends up at the bottom. A counterweight sits at the free end of the tape, and facilitates the roll in moving out and down into a mechanism with a read-and-write head. The tape is then rewound. The average seek time is 2 seconds[3]: 11 and the storage space is 2560 kilobytes.[4] The control system is operated by transistors. Both the carousel and individual spools are replaceable.[1]
The magnetic tape is a 5/8-inch (1.6 cm) wide and 0.05 mm thick Mylar 3M Co type 188.[3]: 11 The storage density is specified to 8 bits/mm,[3]: 4 and the access head is capable of simultaneous read/write operations.[3]: 3 The power requirement is three-phase 380 volts 50 Hz with 300 W when in standby and 750 W when active. Signaling for data uses eight parallel -20 V to 0 V 5 μs pulses.[3]: 13
Peak transfer speed is 182,044 bits/s,[3][4] using eight parallel lines[3]: 13 and thus 22,756 bits/s per line.
The first delivery of the Facit EDB 3 computer was in 1958 (to ASEA in Västerås) used the carousel memory Facit ECM 64.[5]
See also
- BESK, Sweden's first electronic computer, also developed by Erik Stemme
- Exatron Stringy Floppy, 1978 endless tape drive
- IBM 2321 Data Cell
- Karlqvist gap, calculation of magnetic field in ferromagnetic layer
- Rotronics Wafadrive, 1984 endless tape drive
- ZX Microdrive, 1983 endless tape drive
References
- 1 2 Pär Rittsel (2002), Valsen inledde skivans historia [The roll initiated the disc history] (in Swedish), International Data Group (published 2010-09-11), archived from the original on 2016-04-06, retrieved 2016-03-22
- ↑ Magnetband till karusellminne, Föremål [Magnetic tape for carousel memory, Object] (in Swedish), Kringla, Riksantikvarieämbetet, archived from the original on 2016-04-06, retrieved 2016-03-22
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 FACIT electronics AB (1961), TPU 610301 FACIT ECM 64 Karusellminne, Preliminär teknisk beskrivning [TPU 610301 FACIT ECM 64 Carousel memory, preliminary technical description] (PDF) (in Swedish), Swedish National Museum of Science and Technology (published 2012-06-15), p. 3, archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-10-13
- 1 2 FACIT electronics AB (1963), Facit Electronic presenterar FACIT ECM 64 Magnetbandsminne av karuselltyp med direkt access [Facit Electronics presents FACIT ECM 64 Magnetic tape memory of carousel type with direct access] (PDF) (in Swedish), Swedish National Museum of Science and Technology (published 2012-06-15), archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-10-13
- ↑ Arvidsson, Göran (2002), FACIT i den tidiga dataåldern [FACIT in the early computer age] (PDF) (in Swedish) (published 2015-08-23), p. 3
Further reading
- Karlqvist, Olle (March 1962), "Applications to the magnetic tape storage unit, facit ECM64 (the Carousel Memory)", BIT Numerical Mathematics, 2 (1): 16–20, doi:10.1007/BF02024778