Help:Magic words | Reference | OpenTuwa

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Magic words (including parser functions, variables, and behavior switches) are features of wiki markup that give instructions to Wikipedia's underlying MediaWiki software. For example, certain magic words are used to suppress or position the table of contents, disable indexing by external search engines, or produce output dynamically based on the current page or on user-defined conditional expressions. Some of these features are especially useful for templates.

This page is a quick reference for magic words. For more comprehensive information, refer to the main MediaWiki documentation:

mw:Help:Magic words: All standard magic words, including the "standard" parser functions.
mw:Help:Extension:ParserFunctions: Additional parser functions, including conditional expressions, included in English Wikipedia.

General information

In general, there are three types of magic words:

Behavior switches: often appear in double underscores, all uppercase, e.g., __NOTOC__. They will change the behavior of a page, rather than return a value.
Parser functions: all in lowercase. A parser function sometimes starts with a pound sign (#) and will always be followed by a colon (:) and pipe-separated (|) parameters, e.g., {{#ifexpr:Y|Yes|No}}, wrapped in double braces. They will take a value and return a value.
Variables: these are all uppercase, e.g., {{PAGENAME}}. A variable will be wrapped in double braces and will return a value in its place.

The software generally interprets magic words in the following way:

Magic words are case sensitive.
White space is generously allowed for readability. It is stripped from the start and end of their keywords and parameters (as is also done in template calls using named parameters).
They can be transcluded, even variables "about the current page". This is ensured by the parsing order.
Instead of magically transforming into HTML instructions, <nowiki> tags remove this magic so a magic word can itself be displayed (documented), e.g. <nowiki>{{#magic:}}</nowiki>or {{#magic:<nowiki/>}}.

Magic words compared to templates:

As with templates, magic words can be transcluded and substituted.
The names of magic words are purposely chosen to be unlike the names of templates, and vice versa. Many parser function names will begin with a #(pound or hash), but template names will not start with a #, and probably not end in a : (colon), or be all-uppercase.
The first parameter's syntax differs. In {{#magic: p1 | p2 | p3}}, the name is #magic and it is followed by an unspaced : and a required input parameter, p1. With a template, p1 is optional and it is preceded by a | (pipe) instead of a :, e.g. {{template|p1}}.

Most magic words can be used where needed on a page, but see MOS:ORDER for guidance on placing some magic words that are behavior switches (such as {{DEFAULTSORT:}} and {{DISPLAYTITLE}}).

Behavior switches

Switch	Description
Table of contents
`__TOC__`	Places the page's table of contents (TOC) at the word's position. This magic word does not work in skins that present the table of contents outside the article content e.g. the default Vector 2022 skin.
`__FORCETOC__`	Forces the TOC to appear in its default position, even when there are fewer than four headings. Can be used anywhere on a page. This magic word does has no effect in skins that present the table of contents outside the article content e.g. the default Vector 2022 skin.
`__NOTOC__`	Suppresses the appearance of the page's TOC. Can be used anywhere on a page. Mobile version use an alternative navigation scheme, which is not affected by `__NOTOC__`.
Editing
`__NOEDITSECTION__`	Hides the "edit" links normally beside all headings on the page. To hide the edit link beside a particular heading, specify the heading using e.g. an HTML tag such as `<h2>heading</h2>` rather than with the usual wiki equals-signs syntax (e.g. `== heading ==` ).
`__ARCHIVEDTALK__`	Hides the "Reply" button
`__NOTALK__`	Makes a page in a talk namespace not be treated like a talk page.
`__NEWSECTIONLINK__`	On non-talk pages, adds a "New section" link as a means to add a new section to the page.
`__NONEWSECTIONLINK__`	Removes the "New section" link (the add-new-section link) on talk pages.
Categories
`__NOGALLERY__`	Replaces thumbnails on a category page with normal links.
`__HIDDENCAT__`	Makes a category hidden when included on that category's page.
`__EXPECTUNUSEDCATEGORY__`	Removes a category from Special:UnusedCategories.
Other
`__NOMEDIAVIEWERCAROUSEL__`	To remove the image browsing feature that adds a horizontal carousel on mobile
`__EXPECTUNUSEDTEMPLATE__`	Used on a template page, removes the page from Special:UnusedTemplates. If this switch is not intended to be transcluded with the template's contents, it should be used inside `<noinclude>...</noinclude>` (or on a template documentation page inside ‎`<noinclude>...</noinclude>`), similarly to template categories. If the switch is intended to remove from the report all pages that transclude a given template (for example, a notice that is transcluded on testcases or sandbox subpages), put the switch inside ‎`<includeonly>...</includeonly>` tags within the template page.
`__EXPECTSHORTPAGE__`	Removes an article from Special:ShortPages. Typically used in a transcluded template.
`__INDEX__`	Instructs search engines to index the page. The use of this magic word in the User namespace is restricted to extended confirmed users by an edit filter.
`__NOINDEX__`	Instructs search engines not to index the page. See Wikipedia:Controlling search engine indexing.
`__STATICREDIRECT__`	Prevents the link on a redirection page from being updated automatically when the page to which it redirects is moved (and "Update any redirects that point to the original title" is selected).
`__DISAMBIG__`	Marks a page as a disambiguation page, adds it to Special:DisambiguationPages and places inward links in Special:DisambiguationPageLinks. (See mw:Extension:Disambiguator.)
`__EXPECTED_UNCONNECTED_PAGE__`	Some pages do not fit the scope of Wikidata items, such as discussion archives, template subpages, etc. To prevent a page from being listed in Special:UnconnectedPages, use this magic word anywhere on the page. Pages that don't meet Wikidata's notability criteria should not receive a Wikidata item (see mw:Extension:Wikibase).
`{{DISPLAYTITLE:title}}`	Used to amend the displayed form of the page's title.
`{{DEFAULTSORT:sortkey}}`	Sets the default key (the index) under which the page is categorised. Functionality is documented at Help:Category § Default sort key, and guidelines are at Wikipedia:Categorization § Sort keys.
`{{NOEXTERNALLANGLINKS}}`	(equivalent to `{{NOEXTERNALLANGLINKS:}}` ) Suppresses the automated inclusion of Wikidata interlanguage links on the lefthand side of the page. To suppress specific language links rather than all languages use `{{NOEXTERNALLANGLINKS:list}}`, where list* is a pipe-delimited list of ISO 639‑1 language codes (e.g. `{{NOEXTERNALLANGLINKS:fr\|es\|ja}}` to suppress the French ("fr"), Spanish ("es") and Japanese ("ja") interlanguage links).

Variables

Shortcut

WP:VARWP:VAR

Page name variable	Output	Description
`{{FULLPAGENAME}}`	Help:Magic words	Canonical page name. Title line. Title unless letter-case is altered with `{{DISPLAYTITLE}}`.^[a]
`{{PAGENAME}}`	Magic words	Title line excluding namespace.
`{{BASEPAGENAME}}`	Magic words	Title of parent page, excluding namespace.
`{{ROOTPAGENAME}}`	Magic words	Title of topmost parent (before all subpages), excluding namespace.
`{{SUBPAGENAME}}`	Magic words	On a subpage, rightmost portion of current title; higher subpagenames show as backlinks.
`{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}`	Help:Magic words	Title of the subject page associated with the current page. These are useful on talk pages (but see note about Category talk pages).
`{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}`	Help:Magic words
`{{TALKPAGENAME}}`	Help talk:Magic words	Title of the talk page associated with the current page. Useful on subject pages.
`{{NAMESPACENUMBER}}`	12	Number of the current page's namespace.
`{{NAMESPACE}}`	Help	Namespace of the title.
`{{ARTICLESPACE}}`	Help	On a talk page, the namespace part of the title of the associated subject page.
`{{SUBJECTSPACE}}`	Help
`{{TALKSPACE}}`	Help talk	Namespace of the talk page associated with the current page.
`{{FULLPAGENAMEE}}`, `{{PAGENAMEE}}`, (etc.)	Help:Magic_words, Magic_words, (etc.)	Adding an E to the end of the above variables, renders the above encoded for use in MediaWiki URLs (i.e. with underscores replacing spaces).
`{{SHORTDESC}}`		Only works on the English Wikipedia, where it displays a short description below the article title on mobile platforms. See Wikipedia:Short description.

Note: The magic words above can also take a parameter, in order to parse values on a page other than the current page. A colon (:) is used to pass the parameter, rather than a pipe (|) that is used in templates, like {{MAGICWORD:value}}. For example, {{TALKPAGENAME:Wikipedia:MOS}} returns Wikipedia talk:MOS on any page.

Caution: Attempting to use (some) page name variables to create a wikilink to an image page, category page or interlanguage link will produce a different effect: this will respectively place the image on the page, add the page to the category, or create an interlanguage link at the edge of the page. To override this normal behavior, prefix the variable with a colon (:); for example [[:{{FULLPAGENAME}}]].

For more details on parser functions that relate to page names and namespaces, see: meta:Help:Page name § Variables and parser functions.

Site variable	Output	Description
`{{SITENAME}}`	Wikipedia	Site name ($wgSitename).
`{{SERVER}}`	//en.wikipedia.org	Domain URL ($wgServer).
`{{SERVERNAME}}`	en.wikipedia.org	Subdomain and domain name.
`{{ARTICLEPATH}}`	/wiki/$1	Relative article path ($wgArticlePath).
`{{SCRIPTPATH}}`	/w	Relative script path ($wgScriptPath).
`{{STYLEPATH}}`	/w/skins	Relative style path ($wgStylePath).
`{{CURRENTVERSION}}`	1.47.0-wmf.18 (ec04929)	Returns current MediaWiki version.

Other variables by type

Current date and time
Universal time		Local-website time
Variable	Output	Variable	Output
`{{CURRENTYEAR}}`	2026	`{{LOCALYEAR}}`	2026
`{{CURRENTMONTH}}`	09	`{{LOCALMONTH}}`	09
`{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}}`	September	`{{LOCALMONTHNAME}}`	September
`{{CURRENTMONTHABBREV}}`	Sep	`{{LOCALMONTHABBREV}}`	Sep
`{{CURRENTDAY}}`^[b]	7	`{{LOCALDAY}}`^[b]	7
`{{CURRENTDAY2}}`^[b]	07	`{{LOCALDAY2}}`^[b]	07
`{{CURRENTDOW}}`	1	`{{LOCALDOW}}`	1
`{{CURRENTDAYNAME}}`	Monday	`{{LOCALDAYNAME}}`	Monday
`{{CURRENTTIME}}`	17:09	`{{LOCALTIME}}`	17:09
`{{CURRENTHOUR}}`	17	`{{LOCALHOUR}}`	17
`{{CURRENTWEEK}}`	37	`{{LOCALWEEK}}`	37
`{{CURRENTTIMESTAMP}}`^[c]	20260907170941	`{{LOCALTIMESTAMP}}`^[c]	20260907170941

Page revision data
Variable	Output
`{{REVISIONDAY}}`^[b]	7
`{{REVISIONDAY2}}`^[b]	07
`{{REVISIONMONTH}}`	09
`{{REVISIONYEAR}}`	2026
`{{REVISIONTIMESTAMP}}`^[c]	20260907105645
`{{REVISIONUSER}}`^[d]	GhostInTheMachine

Wiki statistics
`{{NUMBEROFPAGES}}`	66,212,920
`{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}`	7,236,621
`{{NUMBEROFFILES}}`	975,896
`{{NUMBEROFEDITS}}`	1,368,969,724
`{{NUMBEROFUSERS}}`	54,394,500
`{{NUMBEROFADMINS}}`	810
`{{NUMBEROFACTIVEUSERS}}`	257,414

Parser functions

Shortcut

WP:PFWP:PF

Metadata

Function	Description
`{{PAGEID}}`	Unique page identifier number (for example, this page's ID is `3235121`).
`{{PAGESIZE:fullpagename}}^[e]`	Size of named page in bytes (for example, this page is `41,676` bytes).
`{{PROTECTIONLEVEL:action\|fullpagename}}`	Protection level assigned to action ("edit", "move", etc.) on named page (this page's protection level for "edit" is `autoconfirmed`).
`{{PROTECTIONEXPIRY:action\|fullpagename}}`	Protection expiry assigned to action ("edit", "move", etc.) on named page (this page's protection expiry is `infinity`).
`{{PENDINGCHANGELEVEL:fullpagename}}`	Protection level for pending changes on the named page (this page, which doesn't have one, is).
`{{PAGESINCATEGORY:categoryname}}`	Number of pages in the category named categoryname. Each subcategory is counted as one item.
`{{NUMBERINGROUP:groupname}}`	Number of users in the user group named groupname.

Page IDs can be associated with articles via wikilinks (i.e. Special:Redirect/page/3235121 goes to this page). To output numbers without comma separators (for example, as "123456789" rather than "123,456,789"), append the parameter |R.

Formatting

Function	Description
`{{lc:string}}`	Converts all characters in string to lower case.
`{{lcfirst:string}}`	Converts first character of string to lower case.
`{{uc:string}}`	Converts all characters in string to upper case.
`{{ucfirst:string}}`	Converts first character of string to upper case.
`{{formatnum:unformatted_number}} {{formatnum:formatted_num \|R}}`	Adds comma separators to an unformatted_number (e.g. 123456789 becomes 123,456,789). To remove such formatting, use `{{formatnum:formatted_number\|R}}` (i.e. `{{formatnum:7,654,321\|R}}`, for example, produces 7654321).
`{{#dateformat:date\|format}} {{#formatdate:date\|format}}`	Formats a date according to user preferences; a default can be given as an optional case-sensitive second parameter for users without date preference; can convert a date from an existing format to any of `dmy`, `mdy`, `ymd`, or `ISO 8601` formats, with the user's preference overriding the specified format.
`{{padleft:xyz\|stringlength}} {{padright:xyz\|stringlength}} {{padleft:xyz\|length\|padstr}} {{padright:xyz\|length\|padstr}}`	Pad with zeroes '0' to the right or left, to fill the given length; an alternative padding string can be given as a third parameter; the repeated padding string (padstr) will be truncated if its length does not evenly divide the required number of characters.
`{{plural:N\|singular\|plural}}`	Outputs singular if N is equal to 1, otherwise outputs plural. See the documentation at mediawiki.org for more details.
`{{#time:format\|object}}` `{{#timel:format\|object}} {{#time:d F Y\|date\|langcode}} {{#timef:object\|format type\|langcode}}`	Used to format dates and times, for ISO format, dots or English month names. `#timel` and `#timefl` are based on local time as defined for each wiki; for English Wikipedia, this is identical to `#time` and `#timef`. The optional 3rd parameter is the output language code (French, German, Swedish: fr, de, sv, etc.). Example Finnish: `{{#time:d F Y\|June 30, 2016\|fi}}` shows: 30 kesäkuu 2016 (June). ISO to German: `{{#time:d. M Y\|1987-10-31\|de}}` shows: 31. Okt. 1987. For format codes, see: mw:Help:Extension:ParserFunctions##time. Use the format `{{#time: H:i, j F Y (e)\|...}}` to match the format used by timestamps in signatures. `#timef` formats a date using a standard format for the selected language, see: mw:Help:Extension:ParserFunctions##timef.
`{{gender:user\|m_out\|f_out\|u_out}}`	Outputs m_out, f_out or u_out according to whether the gender specified in user 's preferences is, respectively, male, female or unspecified. Other parameter permutations are available, see mw:Help:Magic words#gender and translatewiki:Gender.
`{{#tag:tagname\|content with magic}}`	Only way to evaluate magic words inside a tag, in order to generate `<tagname>magic</tagname>`. Also handles tag attributes. Details at mw:Help:Magic words#tag.

Paths

Function	Description
`{{localurl:fullpagename \|query}}`	Relative path to page name. The query parameter is optional.
`{{fullurl:fullpagename \|query}}`	Absolute path, without protocol prefix (i.e. without " http: " etc.), to page name. The query parameter is optional.
`{{canonicalurl:fullpagename \|query}}`	Absolute path, including protocol prefix, to page name. The query parameter is optional.
`{{filepath:filename}}`	Absolute path to the media file filename.
`{{urlencode:string}}`	Encodes string for use in URL query strings; `{{urlencode:test string}}`, for example, produces: test+string. To encode string for use in URL paths or MediaWiki page names, append, respectively, `\|PATH` or `\|WIKI` (to produce "test%20string" or "test_string").
`{{anchorencode:string}}`	Input encoded for use in MediaWiki URL section anchors.
`{{ns:n}}`	Returns the name of the namespace whose index is the number n. For MediaWiki URLs, use `{{nse:}}`.
`{{#rel2abs:path}}`	Converts a relative file path to an absolute path.
`{{#titleparts:fullpagename\|number\|first segment}}`	Splits the fullpagename (title) into that number of segments.

Conditional

Function	Description
`{{#expr:expression}}`	Evaluates expression (see mw:Manual:Expr parser function syntax).
`{{#if:string \|result1 \|result2}}`	Outputs result2 if string is empty, otherwise outputs result1.
`{{#ifeq:string1\|string2 \|result1 \|result2}}`	Outputs result1 if string1 and string2 are equal (alphabetically or numerically), otherwise outputs result2.
`{{#iferror:test_string \|result1 \|result2}}`	Outputs result1 if test_string generates a parsing error, otherwise outputs result2.
`{{#ifexpr:expression \|result1 \|result2}}`	Outputs result1 if expression is true, otherwise outputs result2.
`{{#ifexist:pagetitle \|result1 \|result2}}^[e]`	Outputs result1 if the page [[pagetitle]] exists, otherwise outputs result2. Note that underscores are needed for spaces in namespaces.
`{{#switch:string \|c1=r1 \|c2=r2 ... \|default}}`	Outputs r1 if string is c1, r2 if string is c2, etc., otherwise outputs default (if provided).

In these conditional functions, if empty unnamed parameters are to be parsed as empty rather than as text (i.e. as empty rather than as the text "{{{1}}}", "{{{2}}}", etc.), they will require trailing pipes (i.e. {{{1|}}}, {{{2|}}}, etc., rather than {{{1}}}, {{{2}}}, etc.).

For the use of these functions in tables, see Help:Conditional tables.

Other

Function	Description
`{{#babel:code1\|code2\|...}}`	Render userboxes telling your language skills. Improves upon {{Babel}} (an alternative).
`{{#categorytree:category\|...}}`	List pages in a category, recursively.
`{{#coordinates:arg1\|arg2\|...}}`	Save the GeoData coordinates of the subject to the page's database. Used in {{coord}}.
`{{#invoke:module\|function\|arg1\|...}}`	Use Scribunto to transclude a Lua template, e.g. function replace in module String.
`{{#language:code1\|code2}}`	Print the name represented by the language code, e.g. en → English. Print in language 2 if given, e.g. `{{#language:en\|es}}` prints inglés; `{{#language:ja\|ja}}` prints 日本語. For a list of language codes, please see List of ISO 639 language codes.
`{{#lst:}}, {{#lsth:}}, {{#lstx:}}`	Three ways to transclude a section of a page.
`{{#mentor:Username}}`	Display the currently assigned mentor for target Username, if set.
`{{#property:arg1\|arg2\|...}}`	Include a property (Wikidata) from a named entity, instead of the default on the page.
`{{#related:...}}`	Links to similar topics, to engage readers. (Beta feature.)
`{{#section:}}, {{#section-h:}}, {{#section-x:}}`	Aliases for `{{#lst:}}, {{#lsth}}, {{#lstx}}` (above).
`{{#statements:arg1\|...}}`	Display the value of any statement (Wikidata) included in an item.
`{{#target:fullpagename}}`	Send a message to a list of talk pages on the fullpagename, using the MassMessage function.
`{{int:pagename}}`	Transclude an interface message, i.e. a pagename in MediaWiki namespace
`{{!}}`	Used to include a pipe character as part of a template argument or table cell contents. Before this was added as a magic word, many wikis implemented this by creating Template:! with `\|` as the content.
`{{=}}`	Used to include an equal sign as part of a template argument or table cell contents. Before this was added as a magic word, many wikis implemented this by creating Template:= with `=` as the content.

Substituting and nesting

Magic words can sometimes behave weirdly when substituted or nested. It's possible to subst some magic words (so that the page stops being updated if the value of the word changes). Here are some examples of how this works:

?	Code	Output
N	`{{PAGESIZE}}`	0
Y	`{{PAGESIZE:Help:Magic words}}`	41,676
Y	`{{subst:PAGESIZE:Help:Magic words}}`	41,676
Y	`{{PAGESIZE:{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}`	41,676
N	`{{subst:PAGESIZE:{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}`	0
Y	`{{PAGESIZE:{{subst:FULLPAGENAME}}}}`	41,676
Y	`{{subst:PAGESIZE:{{subst:FULLPAGENAME}}}}`	41,676

Notes

↑ If {{FULLPAGENAME}} is used in a page that is transcluded from another page, it will return the name of the target. Example: {{FULLPAGENAME}} is added to Page A. Next, {{Page A}} (a transclusion to Page A) is added to Page B. After saving the changes and then viewing Page B, the {{FULLPAGENAME}} (transcluded from Page A) will display "Page B", not "Page A". {{#invoke:TEMPLATENAME|main}} can be used to determine the name of the template itself.
1 2 3 4 5 6 {{CURRENTDAY}}, {{LOCALDAY}} and {{REVISIONDAY}} return the day (e.g. "6"), whilst {{CURRENTDAY2}}, {{LOCALDAY2}} and {{REVISIONDAY2}} return the day with zero-padding (e.g. "06"). For all two-digit days (i.e. 10 to 31), these are the same.
1 2 3 These timestamp outputs can be formatted with {{Format revisiontimestamp}} (aka {{FRTS}}). For example, {{FRTS|{{REVISIONTIMESTAMP}}}} turns "20260907105645" into "2026-09-07 10:56:45".
↑ This shows the last user to edit the page. There is no way to show the user viewing the page with magic words due to technical restrictions.
1 2 This function is an expensive parser function.

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