| Microsoft Word | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
.svg) | |||||||||||
 Microsoft Office 365 version of Microsoft Word, with the new redesign applied | |||||||||||
| Other names | Multi-Tool Word | ||||||||||
| Developer | Microsoft | ||||||||||
| Release | October 25, 1983 | ||||||||||
| Stable release(s) | |||||||||||
Latest versions (365 and Office)
| |||||||||||
| Written in | C++ (back-end),[9] Objective-C (API/UI on Mac)[9] | ||||||||||
| Operating system | Windows,[10] macOS, Android, iOS (current versions) | ||||||||||
| Platform | IA-32, x86-64, Arm, Arm64 | ||||||||||
| Predecessor | Multi-Tool Word or WordPad | ||||||||||
| Type | Word processor | ||||||||||
| License | Trialware | ||||||||||
| Website | microsoft | ||||||||||
Microsoft Word, or simply Word, is a word processing program developed by Microsoft. It was first released on October 25, 1983,[11] under the original name Multi-Tool Word for Xenix systems.[12][13][14] Subsequent versions were later written for several other platforms including IBM PCs running DOS (1983), Apple Macintosh running the Classic Mac OS (1985), AT&T UNIX PC (1985), Atari ST (1988), OS/2 (1989), Microsoft Windows (1989), SCO Unix (1990), Handheld PC (1996), Pocket PC (2000), macOS (2001), Web browsers (2010), iOS (2014), and Android (2015).
Microsoft Word has been the de facto standard word processing software since the 1990s when it eclipsed WordPerfect.[15] Commercial versions of Word are licensed as a standalone product or as a component of Microsoft Office, which can be purchased with a perpetual license, as part of the Microsoft 365 suite as a subscription, or as a one-time purchase with Office 2024.[16]
History
In 1981, Microsoft hired Charles Simonyi, the primary developer of Bravo, the first GUI word processor, which was developed at Xerox PARC.[17] Simonyi started work on a word processor called Multi-Tool Word and soon hired Richard Brodie, a former Xerox intern, who became the primary software engineer.[17][18][19]
Microsoft announced Multi-Tool Word for Xenix[17] and MS-DOS in 1983.[20] Its name was soon simplified to Microsoft Word.[12] Free demonstration copies of the application were bundled with the November 1983 issue of PC World, making it the first to be distributed on-disk with a magazine.[12][21] That year Microsoft demonstrated Word running on Windows.[22]
Unlike most MS-DOS programs at the time, Microsoft Word was designed to be used with a mouse.[20] Advertisements depicted the Microsoft Mouse and described Word as a WYSIWYG (What You See Is What You Get), windowed word processor with the ability to undo and display bold, italic, and underlined text,[23] although it could not render fonts.[12] It was not initially popular, since its user interface was different from the leading word processor at the time, WordStar.[24] However, Microsoft steadily improved the product, releasing versions 2.0 through 5.0 over the next six years. In 1985, Microsoft ported Word to the classic Mac OS (known as Macintosh System Software at the time). This was made easier by Word for DOS having been designed for use with high-resolution displays and laser printers, even though none were yet available to the general public.[25] It was also notable for its very fast cut-and-paste function and unlimited number of undo operations, which are due to its usage of the piece table data structure.[26]
Following the precedents of LisaWrite and MacWrite, Word for Mac OS added true WYSIWYG features. It fulfilled a need for a word processor that was more capable than MacWrite.[27] By 1988 WordPerfect and Word dominated the DOS word processor market, but neither product nor any other had true WYSIWYG, unlike Mac software;[28] after its release, Word for Mac OS's sales were higher than its MS-DOS counterpart for at least four years.[17]
The second release of Word for Mac OS, shipped in 1987, was named Word 3.0 to synchronize its version number with Word for DOS; this was Microsoft's first attempt to synchronize version numbers across platforms. Word 3.0 included numerous internal enhancements and new features, including the first implementation of the Rich Text Format (RTF) specification, but was plagued with bugs. Within a few months, Word 3.0 was superseded by a more stable Word 3.01, which was mailed free to all registered users of 3.0.[25] After MacWrite Pro was discontinued in the mid-1990s, Word for Mac OS never had any serious rivals. Word 5.1 for Mac OS, released in 1992, was a very popular word processor owing to its elegance, relative ease of use, and feature set. Many users say it is the best version of Word for Mac OS ever created.[25][29]
In 1986, an agreement between Atari and Microsoft brought Word to the Atari ST[30] under the name Microsoft Write. The Atari ST version was a port of Word 1.05 for the Mac OS[31][32] and was never updated.
By the early 1990s, the growing popularity of Windows narrowed the word processor market to a few supporting the operating system, including Word, WordPerfect, and Ami Pro.[33] The first version of Word for Windows was released in 1989. With the release of Windows 3.0 the following year, sales began to pick up and Microsoft soon became the market leader for word processors for IBM PC-compatible computers.[17] In 1991, Microsoft capitalized on Word for Windows' increasing popularity by releasing a version of Word for DOS, version 5.5, that replaced its unique user interface with an interface similar to a Windows application.[34][35] By then Word had more than half of the Windows word processor market.[36] When Microsoft became aware of the Year 2000 problem, it made Microsoft Word 5.5 for DOS available for free downloads. As of January 2026[update], it is still available for download from Microsoft's website.[37] In 1991, Microsoft embarked on a project code-named Pyramid to completely rewrite Microsoft Word from the ground up. Both the Windows and Mac OS versions would start from the same code base. It was abandoned when it was determined that it would take the development team too long to rewrite and then catch up with all the new capabilities that could have been added at the same time without a rewrite. Instead, the next versions of Word for Windows and Mac OS, dubbed version 6.0, both started from the code base of Word for Windows 2.0.[29]
With the release of Word 6.0 in 1993, Microsoft again attempted to synchronize the version numbers and coordinate product naming across platforms, this time across DOS, Mac OS, and Windows (this was the last version of Word for DOS). It introduced AutoCorrect, which automatically fixed certain typing errors, and AutoFormat, which could reformat many parts of a document at once. While the Windows version received favorable reviews (e.g., from InfoWorld[38]), the Mac OS version was widely derided. Many accused it of being slow, clumsy, and memory intensive, and its user interface differed significantly from Word 5.1.[29] In response to user requests, Microsoft offered Word 5 again, after it had been discontinued.[39] Subsequent versions of Word for macOS are no longer direct ports of Word for Windows, instead featuring a mixture of ported code and native code.
File formats
.svg){kind=icon}  Left: The icon for .doc files.Right: The icon for .docx files. The file formats are differentiated by using the Word logo as seen in Office 2000 and the logo for the current version of Word. | |
| DOC | Legacy Word document |
|---|---|
| DOT | Legacy Word templates |
| WBK | Legacy Word document backup |
| DOCX | XML Word document |
| DOCM | XML Word macro-enabled document |
| DOTX | XML Word template |
| DOTM | XML Word macro-enabled template |
| DOCB | XML Word binary document |
Filename extensions
Microsoft Word's native file formats are denoted either by a .doc or .docx filename extension.
Although the .doc extension has been used in many different versions of Word, it actually encompasses four distinct file formats:
- Word for DOS
- Word for Windows 1 and 2; Word 3 and 4 for Mac OS
- Word 6 and Word 95 for Windows; Word 6 for Mac OS
- Word 97 and later for Windows; Word 98 and later for Mac OS
(The classic Mac OS of the era did not use filename extensions.)[40]
The newer .docx extension signifies the Office Open XML international standard for Office documents and is used by default by Word 2007 and later for Windows as well as Word 2008 and later for macOS.[41]
Binary formats (Word 97–2007)
During the late 1990s and early 2000s, the default Word document format (.DOC) became a de facto standard of document file formats for Microsoft Office users.[citation needed] There are different versions of "Word Document Format" used by default in Word 97–2007.[42] Each binary word file is a Compound File,[43] a hierarchical file system within a file. According to Joel Spolsky, Word Binary File Format is extremely complex mainly because its developers had to accommodate an overwhelming number of features and prioritize performance over anything else.[44]
As with all OLE Compound Files, Word Binary Format consists of "storages", which are analogous to computer folders, and "streams", which are similar to computer files. Each storage may contain streams or other storage. Each Word Binary File must contain a stream called the "WordDocument" stream and this stream must start with a File Information Block (FIB).[45] FIB serves as the first point of reference for locating everything else, such as where the text in a Word document starts, ends, what version of Word created the document and other attributes.
Word 2007 and later continue to support the DOC file format, although it is no longer the default.
XML Document (Word 2003)
The .docx XML format introduced in Word 2003[46] was a simple, XML-based format called WordProcessingML or WordML.
The Microsoft Office XML formats are XML-based document formats (or XML schemas) introduced in versions of Microsoft Office prior to Office 2007. Microsoft Office XP introduced a new XML format for storing Excel spreadsheets and Office 2003 added an XML-based format for Word documents.
These formats were succeeded by Office Open XML (ECMA-376) in Microsoft Office 2007.
Cross-version compatibility
Opening a Word Document file in a version of Word other than the one with which it was created can cause an incorrect display of the document. The document formats of the various versions change in subtle and not-so-subtle ways (such as changing the font or the handling of more complex tasks like footnotes). Formatting created in newer versions does not always survive when viewed in older versions of the program, nearly always because that capability does not exist in the previous version.[47] Rich Text Format (RTF), an early effort to create a format for interchanging formatted text between applications, is an optional format for Word that retains most formatting and all content of the original document.
Third-party formats
Plugins permitting the Windows versions of Word to read and write formats it does not natively support, such as international standard OpenDocument format (ODF) (ISO/IEC 26300:2006), are available. Up until the release of Service Pack 2 (SP2) for Office 2007, Word did not natively support reading or writing ODF documents without a plugin, namely the SUN ODF Plugin or the OpenXML/ODF Translator. With SP2 installed, ODF format 1.1 documents can be read and saved like any other supported format in addition to those already available in Word 2007.[47][48][49][50][51] The implementation faces substantial criticism, and the ODF Alliance and others have claimed that the third-party plugins provide better support.[52] Microsoft later declared that the ODF support has some limitations.[53]
In October 2005, one year before the Microsoft Office 2007 suite was released, Microsoft declared that there was insufficient demand from Microsoft customers for the international standard OpenDocument format support and that therefore it would not be included in Microsoft Office 2007. This statement was repeated in the following months.[54][55][56][57] As an answer, on October 20, 2005, an online petition was created to demand ODF support from Microsoft.[58]
In May 2006, the ODF plugin for Microsoft Office was released by the OpenDocument Foundation.[59] Microsoft declared that it had no relationship with the developers of the plugin.[57]
In July 2006, Microsoft announced the creation of the Open XML Translator project – tools to build a technical bridge between the Microsoft Office Open XML Formats and the OpenDocument Format (ODF). This work was started in response to government requests for interoperability with ODF. The goal of the project was not to add ODF support to Microsoft Office, but only to create a plugin and an external toolset.[60][61] In February 2007, this project released a first version of the ODF plugin for Microsoft Word.[62]
In February 2007, Sun released an initial version of its ODF plugin for Microsoft Office.[63] Version 1.0 was released in July 2007.[64]
Microsoft Word 2007 (Service Pack 1) supports (for output only) PDF and XPS formats, but only after manual installation of the Microsoft "Save as PDF or XPS" add-on.[65][66] On later releases, this was offered by default.
Features
 | This section needs more citations. (November 2010) |
Among its features, Word includes a built-in spell checker, a thesaurus, a dictionary, and utilities for manipulating and editing text. It supports creating tables. Depending on the version, it can perform simple and complex calculations, and supports formatting formulas and equations.[67]
The following are some aspects of its feature set.
Templates
Several later versions of Word include the ability for users to create their own formatting templates, allowing them to define a file in which: the title, heading, paragraph, and other element designs differ from the standard Word templates.[68] Users can find how to do this under the Help section located near the top right corner (Word 2013 on Windows 8).
For example, Normal.dotm is the master template from which all Word documents are created. It determines the margin defaults as well as the layout of the text and font defaults. Although Normal.dotm is already set with certain defaults, the user can change it to new defaults. This will change other documents which were created using the template.[69] It was previously Normal.dot.[70]
Image formats
Word can import and display images in common bitmap formats such as JPG and GIF. It can also be used to create and display simple line art. Microsoft Word added support[71] for the common SVG vector image format in 2017 for Office 365 ProPlus subscribers and this functionality was also included in the Office 2019 release.[72]
WordArt
WordArt enables drawing text in a Microsoft Word document such as a title, watermark, or other text, with graphical effects such as skewing, shadowing, rotating, stretching in a variety of shapes and colors, and even including three-dimensional effects. Users can apply formatting effects such as shadow, bevel, glow, and reflection to their document text as easily as applying bold or underline. Users can also spell-check text that uses visual effects and add text effects to paragraph styles.
Macros
Macros may be used for frequent or repetitive sequences of keystrokes and mouse movements. Like other Microsoft Office documents, Word files can include advanced macros and even embedded programs. The language was originally WordBasic, but changed to Visual Basic for Applications as of Word 97.
This extensive functionality can also be used to run and propagate viruses in documents. The tendency for people to exchange Word documents via email, USB flash drives, and floppy disks made this an especially attractive vector in 1999. A prominent example was the Melissa virus, but countless others have existed.
These macro viruses were the only known cross-platform threats between Windows and Macintosh computers.[73][74] Microsoft released patches for Word X and Word 2004 that effectively eliminated the macro problem on the Mac by 2006.
Word's macro security setting, which regulates when macros may execute, can be adjusted by the user, but in the most recent versions of Word, it is set to HIGH by default, generally reducing the risk from macro-based viruses, which have become uncommon.
Layout issues
Before Word 2010 (Word 14) for Windows, the program was unable to correctly handle ligatures defined in OpenType fonts.[75] Those ligature glyphs with Unicode codepoints may be inserted manually, but are not recognized by Word for what they are, breaking spell checking, while custom ligatures present in the font are not accessible at all. Since Word 2010, the program now has advanced typesetting features which can be enabled,[76] OpenType ligatures,[77] kerning and hyphenation (previous versions already had the latter two features). Other layout deficiencies of Word include the inability to set crop marks or thin spaces. Various third-party workaround utilities have been developed.[78]
In Word 2004 for Mac OS X, support of complex scripts was inferior even to Word 97[79] and Word 2004 did not support Apple Advanced Typography features like ligatures or glyph variants.[80]
Issues with technical documents
Microsoft Word is only partially suitable for some kinds of technical writing, specifically, that which requires mathematical equations,[81] figure placement, table placement and cross-references to any of these items.[citation needed] The usual workaround for equations is to use a third-party equation typesetter.[citation needed] Figures and tables must be placed manually; there is an anchor mechanism but it is not designed for fully automatic figure placement, and editing text after placing figures and tables often requires re-placing those items by moving the anchor point, and even then the placement options are limited.[citation needed] This problem is deeply baked into Word's structure since 1985, as it does not know where page breaks will occur until the document is printed.[citation needed]
Bullets and numbering
Microsoft Word supports bullet lists and numbered lists. It also features a numbering system that helps add correct numbers to pages, chapters, headers, footnotes, and entries of tables of content; these numbers automatically change to correct ones as new items are added or existing items are deleted. Bullets and numbering can be applied directly to paragraphs and converted to lists.[82] Word 97 through 2003, however, had problems adding correct numbers to numbered lists. In particular, a second irrelevant numbered list might have not started with number one but instead resumed numbering after the last numbered list. Although Word 97 supported a hidden marker that said the list numbering must restart afterward, the command to insert this marker (Restart Numbering command) was only added in Word 2003. However, if one were to cut the first item of the listed and paste it as another item (e.g. fifth), then the restart marker would have moved with it and the list would have restarted in the middle instead of at the top.[83]
Word continues to default to non-Unicode characters and non-hierarchical bulleting, despite user preference for PowerPoint-style symbol hierarchies (e.g., filled circle/emdash/filled square/endash/emptied circle) and universal compatibility.
AutoSummarize
Available in certain versions of Word (e.g., Word 2007), AutoSummarize highlights passages or phrases that it considers valuable and can be a quick way of generating a crude abstract or an executive summary.[84] The amount of text to be retained can be specified by the user as a percentage of the current amount of text.
According to Ron Fein of the Word 97 team, AutoSummarize cuts wordy copy to the bone by counting words and ranking sentences. First, AutoSummarize identifies the most common words in the document (barring "a" and "the" and the like) and assigns a "score" to each word – the more frequently a word is used, the higher the score. Then, it "averages" each sentence by adding the scores of its words and dividing the sum by the number of words in the sentence – the higher the average, the higher the rank of the sentence. "It's like the ratio of wheat to chaff," explains Fein.[85]
AutoSummarize was removed from Microsoft Word for Mac OS X 2011, although it was present in Word for Mac 2008. AutoSummarize was removed from the Office 2010 release version (14) as well.[86]
Spike
Spike is a specialized cut command in Microsoft Word. It is named after an implement in restaurants on which receipts are impaled, and similarly sequentially stores data to be pasted and adds them together to the document when the second function step, or paste, is performed. Spiking (CONTROL–F3) performs a cut function, which can be immediately undone to simulate a "copy" command, while the pasting function (SHIFT–CONTROL–F3) will also clear the data from the spike, although this can be avoided by using alternatives to the three-key shortcut.[87]
Hidden text
Word supports marking selected text as "hidden". Hidden text is text that is stored in the document but is not displayed.[88] For example, pages containing large amounts of markup language text can be made visually more readable during the editing process.
Password protection
| This section needs more citations. (December 2024) |
Three password types can be set in Microsoft Word:
- Password to open a document[89]
- Password to modify a document[89]
- Password restricting formatting and editing[90]
The second and third password types were developed by Microsoft for convenient shared use of documents rather than for their protection. There is no encryption of documents that are protected by such passwords and the Microsoft Office protection system saves a hash sum of a password in a document's header where it can be easily accessed and removed by the specialized software. Password to open a document offers much tougher protection that had been steadily enhanced in the subsequent editions of Microsoft Office.
Word 95 and all the preceding editions had the weakest protection that utilized a conversion of a password to a 16-bit key.
Key length in Word 97 and 2000 was strengthened up to 40 bit. However, modern cracking software allows removing such a password very quickly – a persistent cracking process takes one week at most. Use of rainbow tables reduces password removal time to several seconds. Some password recovery software can not only remove a password but also find an actual password that was used by a user to encrypt the document using the brute-force attack approach. Statistically, the possibility of recovering the password depends on the password strength.
Word's 2003/XP version default protection remained the same but an option that allowed advanced users to choose a Cryptographic Service Provider was added.[91] If a strong CSP is chosen, guaranteed document decryption becomes unavailable and, therefore, a password can't be removed from the document. Nonetheless, a password can be fairly quickly picked with a brute-force attack, because its speed is still high regardless of the CSP selected. Moreover, since the CSPs are not active by default, their use is limited to advanced users only.
Word 2007 offers significantly more secure document protection which utilizes the modern Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) that converts a password to a 128-bit key using a SHA-1 hash function 50,000 times. It makes password removal impossible (as of today, no computer that can pick the key in a reasonable amount of time exists) and drastically slows the brute-force attack speed down to several hundreds of passwords per second.
Word's 2010 protection algorithm was not changed apart from the increasing number of SHA-1 conversions up to 100,000 times and consequently, the brute-force attack speed decreased two times more.
Versions and platforms
Word for Windows
Word for Windows is available stand-alone or as part of the Microsoft Office suite. Word contains rudimentary desktop publishing capabilities and is the most widely used word processing program on the market. Word files are commonly used as the format for sending text documents via e-mail because almost every user with a computer can read a Word document by using the Word application, a Word viewer or a word processor that imports the Word format (see Microsoft Word Viewer).
Word 6 for Windows NT was the first 32-bit version of the product,[92] released with Microsoft Office for Windows NT around the same time as Windows 95. It was a straightforward port of Word 6.0. Starting with Word 95, each release of Word was named after the year of its release, instead of its version number.[93]
Word 2007 introduced a redesigned user interface that emphasized the most common controls, dividing them into tabs, and adding specific options depending on the context, such as selecting an image or editing a table.[94] This user interface, called Ribbon, was included in Excel, PowerPoint and Access 2007, and would be later introduced to other Office applications with Office 2010 and Windows applications such as Paint and WordPad with Windows 7, respectively.[95]
The redesigned interface also includes a toolbar that appears when selecting text, with options for formatting included.[96]
Word 2007 also included the option to save documents as Adobe Acrobat or XPS files,[96] and upload Word documents like blog posts on services such as WordPress.
Word 2010 allows the customization of the Ribbon,[97] adds a Backstage view for file management,[98] has improved document navigation, allows creation and embedding of screenshots,[99] and integrates with online services such as Microsoft OneDrive.[100]
Word 2019 added a dictation function.
Word 2021 added co-authoring, a visual refresh on the start experience and tabs, automatic cloud saving, dark mode, line focus, an updated draw tab, and support for ODF 1.3.
Microsoft Word 2024 (Fourth perpetual release of Office 16) for the Microsoft Windows and MacOS was released on October 1, 2024.[101]
Word for Mac
The Mac was introduced on January 24, 1984, and Microsoft introduced Word 1.0 for Mac a year later, on January 18, 1985. The DOS, Mac, and Windows versions are quite different from each other. Only the Mac version was WYSIWYG and used a graphical user interface, far ahead of the other platforms. Each platform restarted its version numbering at "1.0".[102] There was no version 2 on the Mac, but version 3 came out on January 31, 1987, as described above. Word 4.0 came out on November 6, 1990, and added automatic linking with Excel, the ability to flow text around graphics, and a WYSIWYG page view editing mode. Word 5.1 for Mac, released in 1992 ran on the original 68000 CPU and was the last to be specifically designed as a Macintosh application. The later Word 6 was a Windows port and poorly received. Word 5.1 continued to run well until the last classic Mac OS. Many people continue to run Word 5.1 to this day under an emulated Mac classic system for some of its excellent features, such as document generation and renumbering, or to access their old files.
In 1997, Microsoft formed the Macintosh Business Unit as an independent group within Microsoft focused on writing software for the classic Mac OS. Its first version of Word, Word 98, was released with Office 98 Macintosh Edition. Document compatibility reached parity with Word 97,[39] and it included features from Word 97 for Windows, including spell and grammar checking with squiggles.[103] Users could choose the menus and keyboard shortcuts to be similar to either Word 97 for Windows or Word 5 for Mac.
Word 2001, released in 2000, added a few new features, including the Office Clipboard, which allowed users to copy and paste multiple items.[104] It was the last version to run on the classic Mac OS and, on Mac OS X, it could only run within the Classic Environment. Word X, released in 2001, was the first version to run natively on, and to require, Mac OS X,[103] and introduced non-contiguous text selection.[105]
Word 2004 was released in May 2004. It included a new Notebook Layout view for taking notes either by typing or by voice.[106] Other features, such as tracking changes, were made more similar to Office for Windows.[107]
Word 2008, released on January 15, 2008, included a Ribbon-like feature, called the Elements Gallery, that can be used to select page layouts and insert custom diagrams and images. It also included a new view focused on publishing layout, integrated bibliography management,[108] and native support for the new Office Open XML format. It was the first version to run natively on Intel-based Macs.[109]
Word 2011, released in October 2010, replaced the Elements Gallery in favor of a Ribbon user interface that is much more similar to Office for Windows,[110] and includes a full-screen mode that allows users to focus on reading and writing documents, and support for Office Web Apps.[111]
Microsoft Office 2016 for Mac (2015)
Microsoft Office 2019 for Mac (2018)
Word 2021 added real-time co-authoring, automatic cloud saving, dark mode, immersive reader enhancements, line focus, a visual refresh, the ability to save pictures in SVG format, and a new Sketched style outline.
Word 2024, released on September 16, 2024, included Word session recovery, support for ODF 1.4, new theme and color palette and ability for easier collaboration. Even though collaboration features were also available in Microsoft Word 2021 as part of post release update, they were not available in Word LTSC 2021 or Word LTSC 2024.[112]
Write for Atari ST
Microsoft Write for the Atari ST is the Atari version of Microsoft Word 1.05 released for the Apple Macintosh while sharing the same name as the Microsoft Write program included in Windows during the 80s and early 90s.[113] While the program was announced in 1986, various delays caused the program to arrive in 1988.[114] Microsoft Write for Atari ST and Microsoft Word for Windows would both make their debut at the 1988 COMDEX in Atlanta, Georgia alongside their respective booths.[115][116][117]
Like the Mac version, the Atari version features WYSIWYG form (via GDOS) and used a graphical user interface (via GEM).[118]
Microsoft Write was one of the first Atari word processors that utilizes the GDOS (Graphics Device Operating System) part of GEM (Graphics Environment Manager) allowing the word processor to display and print graphic fonts & styles making it a multifont word processor for the Atari ST (a 2nd disk drive was required to run both Microsoft Write and GDOS). Microsoft Write was packaged with GDOS 1.1 and the drivers for the Atari XMM804 dot matrix printer along with 3rd party printers like Epson FX-80 and Star Micronics NB-15 on 4 diskettes (3½ inch format).[119]
Accompanying the retail packaging was a 206-page slip-cased user's manual that was divided into 3 sections: Learning Write, Using Write and Write Reference.[120] In addition, Microsoft Write also featured a "Help Screen" tool to help a user explore the advanced features of the word processor that earned high praise for its form and presentation.[121]
Write for Macintosh
In October 1987, Microsoft released Microsoft Write for Macintosh. Write is a version of Microsoft Word with limited features that Microsoft hoped would replace aging MacWrite in the Macintosh word processor market. Write was priced well below Word, though at the time MacWrite was included with new Macintoshes. Write is best described as Word locked in "Short Menus" mode, and as such it used the same file format so that users could exchange files with absolutely no conversion necessary.[122] Write did not sell well and was discontinued before the System 7 era. Microsoft Write was part of a short-lived trend for "lightweight" Macintosh word processors initiated by the introduction of the Macintosh Portable and early PowerBook systems. Others included LetterPerfect and Nisus Compact.
Word on mobile platforms
The first mobile versions of Word were released with Windows CE in 1996 on Handheld PCs[123] and later also on Pocket PCs.
The modern Word Mobile[124] supports basic formatting, such as bolding, changing font size, and changing colors (from red, yellow, or green). It can add comments, but can't edit documents with tracked changes. It can't open password-protected documents; change the typeface, text alignment, or style (normal, heading 1); insert responsive checkboxes; insert pictures; or undo.[125][126][127][128]
Word Mobile is neither able to display nor insert footnotes, endnotes, page footers, page breaks, certain indentation of lists, and certain fonts while working on a document, but retains them if the original document has them.[129] Word Mobile can insert lists, but doesn't allow to set custom bullet symbols and customize list numbering. In addition to the features of the 2013 version, the 2007 version on Windows Mobile also has the ability to save documents in the Rich Text Format and open legacy PSW (Pocket Word).[129] Furthermore, it includes a spell checker, word count tool, and a "Find and Replace" command. In 2015, Word Mobile became available for Windows 10 and Windows 10 Mobile on Windows Store.[130] Support for the Windows 10 Mobile version ended on January 12, 2021.[131]
Word for iOS was released on March 27, 2014[132] and for Android was released on January 29, 2015.[133]
Word for the web
Word for the web is a free lightweight version of Microsoft Word available as part of Office on the web, which also includes web versions of Microsoft Excel and Microsoft PowerPoint.
Word for the web lacks some Ribbon tabs, such as Design and Mailings. Mailings allows users to print envelopes and labels and manage mail merge printing of Word documents.[134][135] Word for the web is not able to edit certain objects, such as: equations, shapes, text boxes or drawings, but a placeholder may be present in the document. Certain advanced features like table sorting or columns will not be displayed but are preserved as they were in the document. Other views available in the Word desktop app (Outline, Draft, Web Layout, and Full-Screen Reading) are not available, nor are side-by-side viewing, split windows, and the ruler.[136]
Reception
Initial releases of Word were met with criticism. Byte in 1984 criticized the documentation for Word 1.1 and 2.0 for DOS, calling it "a complete farce". It called the software "clever, put together well and performs some extraordinary feats", but concluded that "especially when operated with the mouse, has many more limitations than benefits... extremely frustrating to learn and operate efficiently".[137] PC Magazine's review was very mixed, stating: "I've run into weird word processors before, but this is the first time one's nearly knocked me down for the count" but acknowledging that Word's innovations were the first that caused the reviewer to consider abandoning WordStar. While the review cited an excellent WYSIWYG display, sophisticated print formatting, windows, and footnoting as merits, it criticized many small flaws, very slow performance, and "documentation produced by Madame Sadie's Pain Palace". It concluded that Word was "two releases away from potential greatness".[138]
"Whatever Microsoft Word does right, it does better than any other program", Edward Mendelson wrote in summer 1985. "What is frustrating is that it does so many things wrong", he said of version 2.0 in The Yale Review, including mouse dependence, manual pagination, and "some of the most baroque and opaque menus ever devised", recommending WordPerfect and three other DOS programs instead.[139] Jerry Pournelle wrote in October 1987 said that he did not like Word because "the mouse is such an integral part of the program. When I am creating text, I do not want to take my hands off the keyboard".[140] Compute!'s Apple Applications in December 1987 stated that "despite a certain awkwardness", Word 3.01 "will likely become the major Macintosh word processor" with "far too many features to list here". While criticizing the lack of true WYSIWYG, the magazine concluded that "Word is marvelous. It's like a Mozart or Edison, whose occasional gaucherie we excuse because of his great gifts".[141]
Compute! in December 1989 stated that Word 5.0's integration of text and graphics made it "a solid engine for basic desktop publishing". The magazine approved of improvements to text mode, described the $75 price for upgrading from an earlier version as "the deal of the decade" and concluded that "as a high-octane word processor, Word is worth a look".[142] The magazine in December 1993 said that 6.0 for DOS had "many (but not all) of the features of Word for Windows 2.0", and surmised that it was intended to prepare users to migrate to Windows. Compute! recommended it over WordPerfect 6.0 to those needing "maximum speed with minimal hardware" such as an 80286 computer.[143]
Computer Intelligence estimated in 1987 that Microsoft had 4% of the Fortune 1000 PC word processor market.[144] A 1988 PC reader survey found that 11% used Word, third behind WordPerfect and WordStar.[28] A 1990 American Institute of Certified Public Accountants member survey found that 8% used Word, in third place behind WordPerfect and WordStar.[145] Dataquest estimated that Word had 55% of the Windows word processor market in 1991.[36] During the first quarter of 1996, Word accounted for 80% of the worldwide word processor market.[146]
In 2013, Microsoft added Word to the new Office 365 product, where Microsoft has combined their most popular software,[147] which is a cloud based computing software that is subscription-based to compete with Google Docs.
Release history
| Year released | Name | Version | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1989 | Word for Windows 1.0 | 1.0 | Code-named Opus[148] |
| 1990 | Word for Windows 1.1 | 1.1 | For Windows 3.0.[149] Code-named Bill the Cat [citation needed] |
| 1990 | Word for Windows 1.1a | 1.1a | On March 25, 2014, Microsoft made the source code to Word for Windows 1.1a available to the public via the Computer History Museum.[150][151] |
| 1991 | Word for Windows 2.0 | 2.0 | Included in Office 3.0. |
| 1993 | Word for Windows 6.0 | 6.0 | Version numbers 3, 4, and 5 were skipped, to bring Windows version numbering in line with that of DOS, Mac OS, and WordPerfect (the main competing word processor at the time). Also, a 32-bit version for Windows NT only. Included in Office 4.0, 4.2, and 4.3. |
| 1995 | Word for Windows 95 | 7.0 | Included in Office 95 |
| 1997 | Word 97 | 8.0 | Included in Office 97 |
| 1998 | Word 98 | 8.5 | Included in Office 97 |
| 1999 | Word 2000 | 9.0 | Included in Office 2000 |
| 2001 | Word 2002 | 10.0 | Included in Office XP |
| 2003 | Office Word 2003 | 11.0 | Included in Office 2003 |
| 2006 | Office Word 2007 | 12.0 | Included in Office 2007; released to businesses on November 30, 2006, released worldwide to consumers on January 30, 2007. Extended support until October 10, 2017. |
| 2010 | Word 2010 | 14.0 | Included in Office 2010; skipped 13.0 due to triskaidekaphobia.[152] |
| 2013 | Word 2013 | 15.0 | Included in Office 2013 |
| 2016 | Word 2016 | 16.0 | Included in Office 2016 |
| 2019 | Word 2019 | 16.0[153] | Included in Microsoft Office 2019 |
| 2021 | Word 2021 | 16.0[154] | Included in Microsoft Office 2021 |
| 2024 | Word 2024 | 16.0[155] | Included in Microsoft Office 2024 |
| Year released | Name | Version | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1985 | Word 1 | 1.0 | |
| 1987 | Word 3 | 3.0 | |
| 1989 | Word 4 | 4.0 | Part of Office 1.0 and 1.5 |
| 1991 | Word 5 | 5.0 |
|
| 1992 | Word 5.1 | 5.1 |
|
| 1993 | Word 6 | 6.0 |
|
| 1998 | Word 98 | 8.5 |
|
| 2000 | Word 2001 | 9.0 |
|
| 2001 | Word v. X | 10.0 |
|
| 2004 | Word 2004 | 11.0 | Part of Office 2004 |
| 2008 | Word 2008 | 12.0 | Part of Office 2008 |
| 2010 | Word 2011 | 14.0 | Part of Office 2011; skipped 13.0 due to triskaidekaphobia.[152] |
| 2015 | Word 2016 | 16.0 | Part of Office 2016; skipped 15.0 |
| 2019 | Word 2019 | 17.0 | Included in Microsoft Office 2019 |
| 2021 | Word 2021 | 17.0 | Included in Microsoft Office 2021 |
| 2024 | Word 2024 | 17.0 | Included in Microsoft Office 2024 |
| Year released | Name | Version | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1983 | Word 1 | 1.0 | Initial version of Word |
| 1985 | Word 2 | 2.0 | |
| 1986 | Word 3 | 3.0 | Removed copy protection |
| 1987 | Word 4 | 4.0 | |
| 1989 | Word 5 | 5.0 | |
| 1991 | Word 5.1 | 5.1 | |
| 1991 | Word 5.5 | 5.5 | First DOS version to use a Windows-like user interface |
| 1993 | Word 6 | 6.0 | Last DOS version. |
| Platform | Year released | Name | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|
| Atari ST | 1988 | Microsoft Write | Based on Microsoft Word 1.05 for Mac OS |
| OS/2 | 1989 | Microsoft Word 5.0 | Word 5.0 for DOS is a "family mode" application capable of running as a native app on either MS-DOS or 16-bit OS/2. |
| OS/2 | 1991 | Microsoft Word 5.5 | Word 5.5 for DOS is a "family mode" application capable of running as a native app on either MS-DOS or 16-bit OS/2. |
| OS/2 | 1990 | Microsoft Word for OS/2 Presentation Manager version 1.1 | |
| OS/2 | 1991 | Microsoft Word for OS/2 Presentation Manager version 1.2[156] | |
| SCO Unix | 1990 | Microsoft Word for Unix version 5.0[157] | |
| SCO Unix | 1991 | Microsoft Word for Unix version 5.1[158] |
Logo gallery
2025–present
2019–2025
2013–2019
2010–2013
2007–2010
2003–2007
1999–2003
1995–1999
1993–1995
1991–1993
1987–1991
.svg)
.svg)
Notes
References
- 1 2 "Update history for Office LTSC 2024 and Office 2024". Microsoft Learn.
- 1 2 "Update history for Office LTSC 2021 and Office 2021". Microsoft Learn.
- 1 2 "Update history for Office 2016 C2R and Office 2019". Microsoft Learn.
- ↑ "Microsoft 365 Copilot". Microsoft Apps. Retrieved September 4, 2026.
- ↑
- "Microsoft Word". App Store. Retrieved September 4, 2026.
- "Microsoft Excel". App Store. Retrieved September 4, 2026.
- "Microsoft PowerPoint". App Store. Retrieved September 4, 2026.
- "Microsoft Outlook". App Store. Retrieved September 4, 2026.
- "Microsoft OneNote". App Store. Retrieved September 4, 2026.
- ↑
- "Microsoft 365 Copilot". Google Play. Retrieved September 4, 2026.
- "Microsoft Word: Edit Documents". Google Play. Retrieved September 4, 2026.
- "Microsoft Excel: Spreadsheets". Google Play. Retrieved September 4, 2026.
- "Microsoft PowerPoint". Google Play. Retrieved September 4, 2026.
- ↑
- "Microsoft 365 Copilot 16.0.20207.20014". APKMirror. June 14, 2025. Retrieved September 4, 2026.
- "Microsoft Word: Edit Documents 16.0.19530.20024". APKMirror. December 10, 2025. Retrieved September 4, 2026.
- "Microsoft Excel: Spreadsheets 16.0.19426.20104". APKMirror. November 23, 2025. Retrieved September 4, 2026.
- "Microsoft PowerPoint 16.0.19426.20104". APKMirror. November 23, 2025. Retrieved September 4, 2026.
- ↑
- "Microsoft Copilot". App Store. Retrieved September 4, 2026.
- "Microsoft Word". App Store. Retrieved September 4, 2026.
- "Microsoft Excel". App Store. Retrieved September 4, 2026.
- "Microsoft PowerPoint". App Store. Retrieved September 4, 2026.
- 1 2 "C++ in MS Office". cppcon. July 17, 2014. Archived from the original on November 7, 2019. Retrieved June 25, 2019.
- ↑ "System requirements for Office". Office.com. Microsoft. Archived from the original on March 30, 2019. Retrieved March 30, 2019.
- ↑ "Version 1.0 of today's most popular applications, a visual tour – Pingdom Royal". Pingdom. June 17, 2009. Archived from the original on August 13, 2018. Retrieved April 12, 2016.
- 1 2 3 4 A. Allen, Roy (October 2001). "Chapter 12: Microsoft in the 1980s" (PDF). A History of the Personal Computer: The People and the Technology (1st ed.). Allan Publishing. pp. 12/25–12/26. ISBN 978-0-9689108-0-1. Retrieved November 7, 2010.
- ↑ "Microsoft Office online, Getting to know you...again: The Ribbon". Archived from the original on May 11, 2011.
- ↑ "The history of branding, Microsoft history". Archived from the original on May 28, 2009.
- ↑ Till A. Heilmann (2023). "The Beginnings of Word Processing: A Historical Account". Digital Writing Technologies in Higher Education. pp. 3–14. doi:10.1007/978-3-031-36033-6_1. ISBN 978-3-031-36032-9.
- ↑ "Buy Office Home 2024 for PC or Mac (formerly Home & Student) - Download & Pricing | Microsoft Store". Microsoft.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Edwards, Benj (October 22, 2008). "Microsoft Word Turns 25". PC World. Archived from the original on July 4, 2012. Retrieved November 7, 2010.
- ↑ Tsang, Cheryl (1999). Microsoft First Generation. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-0-471-33206-0.
- ↑ Schaut, Rick (May 19, 2004). "Anatomy of a Software Bug". MSDN Blogs. Archived from the original on February 1, 2010. Retrieved December 2, 2006.
- 1 2 Markoff, John (May 30, 1983). "Mouse and new WP program join Microsoft product lineup". InfoWorld. p. 10. Retrieved November 7, 2010.
- ↑ Pollack, Andrew (August 25, 1983). "Computerizing Magazines". The New York Times. Archived from the original on May 12, 2011. Retrieved April 24, 2013.
- ↑ Lemmons, Phil (December 1983). "Microsoft Windows". BYTE. p. 48. Retrieved October 20, 2013.
- ↑ Advertisement (December 1983). "Undo. Windows. Mouse. Finally". BYTE. pp. 88–89. Retrieved October 20, 2013.
- ↑ Peterson, W.E. Pete (1994). Almost Perfect: How a Bunch of Regular Guys Built Wordperfect Corporation. Prima Publishing. ISBN 0-7881-9991-9.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Knight, Dan (May 22, 2008). "Microsoft Word for Mac History". Low End Mac. Archived from the original on July 21, 2013. Retrieved November 7, 2010.
- ↑ "The Piece Table". Archived from the original on November 12, 2020. Retrieved October 25, 2020.
- ↑ Brand, Stewart (1989). Whole Earth Software Catalog. Quantum Press/Doubleday. ISBN 9780385233019.
For a year, I waited for a heavier-duty word processor than MACWRITE. I finally got it— WORD.
- 1 2 Seymour, Jim (February 29, 1988). "Fast, Flexible, & Forward-Looking". PC. Vol. 7, no. 4. pp. 92–104. Retrieved February 2, 2026.
- 1 2 3 Schaut, Rick (February 26, 2004). "Mac Word 6.0". Buggin' My Life Away. MSDN Blogs. Archived from the original on May 14, 2004. Retrieved June 21, 2010.
- ↑ "Atari announces agreement with Microsoft". Atarimagazines.com. April 25, 2008. Archived from the original on June 18, 2010. Retrieved June 21, 2010.
- ↑ "Feature Review: Microsoft Write". Atarimagazines.com. April 25, 2008. Archived from the original on May 28, 2016. Retrieved June 21, 2010.
- ↑ "Today's Atari Corp.: A close up look inside". Atarimagazines.com. April 25, 2008. Archived from the original on January 19, 2011. Retrieved June 21, 2010.
- ↑ Andrews, Paul (November 8, 1993). "Software Firm Quicksoft Closes Doors -- Maker Of PC-Write Failed In Efforts To Find A Partner". The Seattle Times.
- ↑ Miller, Michael J. (November 12, 1990). "First Look: Microsoft Updates Look of And Adds Pull-Down Menus to Character-Based Word 5.5". InfoWorld. p. 151. Retrieved November 7, 2010.
- ↑ Needleman, Raphael (November 19, 1990). "Microsoft Word 5.5: Should You Fight or Switch?". InfoWorld. p. 106. Retrieved November 7, 2010.
- 1 2 "A look at the new generation". Computerworld. Vol. XXVI, no. 29. July 20, 1992. pp. 80–81. Retrieved February 15, 2026.
- ↑ "Microsoft Word 5.5 for MS-DOS (EXE format)". Microsoft Download Center. Archived from the original on June 29, 2011. Retrieved August 19, 2011.
- ↑ "War of the Words". InfoWorld. February 7, 1994. pp. 66–79. Retrieved November 7, 2010.
- 1 2 Lockman, James T.W. (May 15, 1998). "UGeek Software Review: Microsoft Office 98 Gold for Macintosh". Archived from the original on December 3, 2010. Retrieved November 7, 2010.
- ↑ Oakley, Howard (May 2, 2015). ".why .the .extensions? Quirks in the naming of files and folders". The Eclectic Light Company. Archived from the original on February 26, 2020. Retrieved February 26, 2020.
Macs used to be the only computers that did not need filename extensions...on classic Mac systems, you can name applications, documents, and most other files almost anything that you like, as the name is not linked in any way to the type of thing that file is.
- ↑ "DOCX Transitional (Office Open XML), ISO 29500:2008-2016, ECMA-376, Editions 1-5". loc.gov. January 20, 2017. Archived from the original on November 12, 2020. Retrieved July 9, 2019.
- ↑ "5 Appendix A: Product Behavior" (PDF). [MS-DOC]: Word (.doc) Binary File Format (PDF). Redmond, WA: Microsoft. Archived from the original on January 10, 2015. Retrieved January 10, 2015.
- ↑ "2.1 File Structure" (PDF). [MS-DOC]: Word (.doc) Binary File Format (PDF). Redmond, WA: Microsoft. Archived from the original on January 10, 2015. Retrieved January 10, 2015.
- ↑ Spolsky, Joel (February 19, 2008). "Why are the Microsoft Office file formats so complicated? (And some workarounds)". Joel on Software. Archived from the original on October 14, 2013. Retrieved May 23, 2011.
- ↑ "2.1.1 WordDocument Stream" (PDF). [MS-DOC]: Word (.doc) Binary File Format (PDF). Redmond, WA: Microsoft. Archived from the original on January 10, 2015. Retrieved January 10, 2015.
- ↑ "What You Can Do with Word XML [Word 2003 XML Reference]". MSDN. 2004. Archived from the original on August 21, 2010. Retrieved August 13, 2010.
- 1 2 Casson, Tony; Ryan, Patrick S. (May 1, 2006). "Open Standards, Open Source Adoption in the Public Sector, and Their Relationship to Microsoft's Market Dominance". In Bolin, Sherrie (ed.). Standards Edge: Unifier or Divider?. Sheridan Books. p. 87. SSRN 1656616.
- ↑ "Microsoft Expands List of Formats Supported in Microsoft Office, May 21, 2008". News Center. Microsoft. May 21, 2008. Archived from the original on April 18, 2012. Retrieved April 24, 2013.
- ↑ Fulton, Scott M. III (May 21, 2008). "Next Office 2007 service pack will include ODF, PDF support options". Betanews. Archived from the original on December 4, 2008. Retrieved December 24, 2008.
- ↑ Andy Updegrove (May 21, 2008). "Microsoft Office 2007 to Support ODF – and not OOXML". Consortiuminfo.org. Archived from the original on May 23, 2008. Retrieved June 21, 2010.
- ↑ Espiner, Tom (May 23, 2008). "Microsoft: Why we chose ODF support over OOXML". Software.silicon.com. Archived from the original on July 21, 2009. Retrieved June 21, 2010.
- ↑ "MS Office 2007 Service Pack 2 With Support for ODF: How Well Does It Work?" (PDF). OpenDocument Format Alliance. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 11, 2009. Retrieved May 24, 2009.
MS Excel 2007 will process ODF spreadsheet documents when loaded via the Sun Plug-In 3.0 for MS Office or the SourceForge "OpenXML/ODF Translator Add-in for Office," but will fail when using the "built-in" support provided by Office 2007 SP2.
- ↑ "Differences between the OpenDocument Text (.odt) format and the Word (.docx) format - What happens when I save a Word 2007 document in the OpenDocument Text format?". Microsoft Office Online. Archived from the original on March 18, 2010. Retrieved April 5, 2010.
- ↑ Goodwins, Rupert (October 3, 2005). "Office 12 to support PDF creation". News.zdnet.co.uk. Archived from the original on July 23, 2009. Retrieved June 21, 2010.
- ↑ Marson, Ingrid (October 6, 2005). "Microsoft 'must support OpenDocument'". News.zdnet.co.uk. Archived from the original on July 25, 2009. Retrieved June 21, 2010.
- ↑ March 23, 2006, Gates: Office 2007 will enable a new class of application LaMonica, Martin (July 5, 2006). "Mass. holding tight to OpenDocument". ZDNet.
- 1 2 LaMonica, Martin (May 5, 2006). "Microsoft Office to get a dose of OpenDocument". CNET News. Retrieved August 25, 2024.
- ↑ "OpenDocument Support: Tell Microsoft You Want It!". OpenDocument Fellowship. October 20, 2005. Archived from the original on March 23, 2008. Retrieved June 21, 2010.
- ↑ Vaughan-Nichols, Steven J. (May 4, 2006). "Coming soon: ODF for MS Office". DebianHelp. Archived from the original on December 21, 2022. Retrieved June 21, 2010.
- ↑ "Microsoft Expands Document Interoperability". Microsoft. July 5, 2006. Archived from the original on February 4, 2007. Retrieved June 21, 2010.
- ↑ Jones, Brian; Rajabi, Zeyad (July 6, 2006). "Open XML Translator project announced (ODF support for Office)". Office Solutions. Microsoft. Archived from the original on January 18, 2010. Retrieved April 24, 2013.
- ↑ LaMonica, Martin (February 1, 2007). "Microsoft to release ODF document converter". CNet News. Archived from the original on October 12, 2013. Retrieved April 24, 2013.
- ↑ Lombardi, Candace (February 7, 2007). "Sun to release ODF translator for Microsoft Office". CNET. Archived from the original on May 10, 2011. Retrieved June 21, 2010.
- ↑ Paul, Ryan (July 7, 2007). "Sun releases ODF Plugin 1.0 for Microsoft Office". Ars Technica. Archived from the original on October 16, 2008. Retrieved June 21, 2010.
- ↑ "Download details: 2007 Microsoft Office Add-in: Microsoft Save as PDF or XPS". Microsoft.com. November 8, 2006. Archived from the original on June 18, 2010. Retrieved June 21, 2010.
- ↑ Microsoft to remove PDF support from Office 2007 in wake of Adobe dispute, Friday, June 2, 2006 Microsoft to remove PDF support from Office 2007 in wake of Adobe dispute | TG Daily Archived February 1, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ "Word Features Comparison: Web vs Desktop - Microsoft Support". support.microsoft.com. Retrieved February 3, 2025.
- ↑ Klein, Matt. "Word Formatting: Mastering Styles and Document Themes". How-To Geek. Archived from the original on July 9, 2019. Retrieved July 9, 2019.
- ↑ "Change the Normal template (Normal.dotm )". support.microsoft.com. Archived from the original on May 20, 2021. Retrieved May 20, 2021.
- ↑ in-depth explanation of Normal.dot Archived June 20, 2005, at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ "Edit SVG images in Microsoft Office 365". Office Support. Microsoft. Archived from the original on November 6, 2018. Retrieved February 4, 2019.
- ↑ "What is MS Word? - Basics, Uses, Features & Questions". BYJUS. Retrieved February 3, 2025.
- ↑ "Warning: Mac OS X Trojan Horse making the rounds". MacDailyNews. October 31, 2007. Retrieved November 16, 2025.
- ↑ "The 2000s: Mac malware gains complexity, Types of malware targeting Mac OS X". SpyHunter. April 22, 2025. Retrieved November 16, 2025.
- ↑ What's new in Word 2010 Archived June 18, 2010, at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved July 1, 2010.
- ↑ Improving the look of papers written in Microsoft Word Archived May 26, 2010, at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved May 30, 2010.
- ↑ How to Enable OpenType Ligatures in Word 2010 Archived June 11, 2009, at the Wayback Machine, Oreszek Blog, May 17, 2009.
- ↑ Such as "How to delete a blank page in Word". Sbarnhill.mvps.org. Archived from the original on May 5, 2010. Retrieved June 21, 2010.
- ↑ Alan Wood. "Unicode and Multilingual Editors and Word Processors for Mac OS X". Archived from the original on January 14, 2014. Retrieved December 3, 2013.
- ↑ Neuburg, Matt (May 19, 2004). "Word Up! Word 2004, That Is - TidBITS". tidbits.com. Archived from the original on February 17, 2026. Retrieved April 14, 2026.
- ↑ "Automatically numbering equations and other equation-related questions in Word for Mac 2011". Microsoft Community. February 6, 2013.
- ↑ McGhie, John (March 26, 2011). "Word's numbering explained". word.mvps.org. Archived from the original on February 9, 2015. Retrieved January 10, 2015.
- ↑ Aldis, Margaret (March 26, 2011). "Methods for restarting list numbering". Word.mvps.org. Archived from the original on May 9, 2007. Retrieved April 25, 2007.
- ↑ Huckle, Sue (December 14, 2011). "How To Access Auto Summarize in Microsoft Word 2007". Sue's Word Tips. Archived from the original on July 9, 2019. Retrieved July 9, 2019.
- ↑ Gore, Karenna (February 9, 1997). "Cognito Auto Sum". Slate. Archived from the original on June 27, 2010. Retrieved June 21, 2010.
- ↑ Changes in Word 2010 (for IT pros) Archived August 26, 2017, at the Wayback Machine. Technet.microsoft.com (May 16, 2012). Retrieved July 17, 2013.
- ↑ "Use the Spike to cut and paste multiple items in Word". Microsoft. Retrieved July 7, 2023.
- ↑ Harkins, Susan (August 11, 2022). "How to use hidden text to make one document do the work of two in Microsoft Word". TechRepublic.
- 1 2 "Password protect documents, workbooks, and presentations". Microsoft Office website. Microsoft. Archived from the original on February 12, 2014. Retrieved April 24, 2013.
- ↑ "How to Restrict Editing in Word 2010/2007". Trickyways. June 22, 2010. Archived from the original on June 26, 2010. Retrieved April 24, 2010.
- ↑ "How safe is Word encryption. Is it secure?". Oraxcel.com. Archived from the original on April 17, 2013. Retrieved April 24, 2013.
- ↑ Rose, Daniel. "Microsoft Office for Windows NT". DanielSays.com – Daniel's Legacy Computer Collections. Archived from the original on January 27, 2015. Retrieved May 15, 2015.
- ↑ Ericson, Richard (October 11, 2006). "Final Review: The Lowdown on Office 2007". Computerworld. Archived from the original on June 29, 2011. Retrieved November 8, 2010.
- ↑ Lowe, Scott (December 11, 2006). "An introduction to the Microsoft Office 2007 ribbon interface". TechRepublic. Archived from the original on December 14, 2021. Retrieved December 14, 2021.
- ↑ Shultz, Greg (February 25, 2009). "Be ready for new and improved applets in Windows 7". TechRepublic. Archived from the original on December 14, 2021. Retrieved December 14, 2021.
- 1 2 Lowe, Scott (January 26, 2007). "Explore what is new and different in Microsoft Word 2007". TechRepublic. Archived from the original on December 14, 2021. Retrieved December 14, 2021.
- ↑ Mendelson, Edward (May 11, 2010). "Microsoft Office 2010". PC Magazine. Archived from the original on April 29, 2016. Retrieved November 8, 2010.
- ↑ Mendelson, Edward (May 11, 2010). "Microsoft Office 2010: Office 2010's Backstage View". PC Magazine. Archived from the original on December 2, 2010. Retrieved November 8, 2010.
- ↑ Mendelson, Edward (May 11, 2010). "Microsoft Office 2010: Lots of Graphics Options". PC Magazine. Archived from the original on April 24, 2010. Retrieved December 14, 2021.
- ↑ "Introduction to Word Web App". Microsoft. Archived from the original on November 29, 2010. Retrieved November 8, 2010.
- ↑ "Office 2024 for Mac is coming and you won't need a subscription to get it | Macworld". May 15, 2024. Archived from the original on May 15, 2024. Retrieved November 16, 2024.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ↑ "Microsoft Word 1.x (Mac)". WinWorld. Archived from the original on December 22, 2021. Retrieved December 22, 2021.
- 1 2 McLean, Prince (November 12, 2007). "Road to Mac Office 2008: an introduction (Page 3)". AppleInsider. Archived from the original on July 7, 2011. Retrieved November 7, 2010.
- ↑ Tetrault, Gregory (January 2001). "Review: Microsoft Office 2001". ATPM: About This Particular Macintosh. Archived from the original on November 20, 2010. Retrieved November 7, 2010.
- ↑ Negrino, Tom (February 1, 2002). "Review: Microsoft Office v. X". MacWorld. Archived from the original on August 18, 2010. Retrieved November 7, 2010.
- ↑ Lunsford, Kelly; Michaels, Philip; Snell, Jason (March 3, 2004). "Office 2004: First Look". MacWorld. Archived from the original on June 25, 2010. Retrieved November 7, 2010.
- ↑ Friedberg, Steve (May 25, 2004). "Review: Microsoft Office". MacNN. Archived from the original on April 5, 2010. Retrieved November 7, 2010.
- ↑ McLean, Prince (November 14, 2007). "Road to Mac Office 2008: Word '08 vs Pages 3.0". AppleInsider. Archived from the original on December 6, 2010. Retrieved November 7, 2010.
- ↑ McLean, Prince (November 12, 2007). "Road to Mac Office 2008: an introduction (Page 4)". AppleInsider. Archived from the original on July 7, 2011. Retrieved November 7, 2010.
- ↑ McLean, Prince (March 29, 2010). "New Office 11 for Mac sports dense ribbons of buttons". AppleInsider. Archived from the original on November 24, 2010. Retrieved November 7, 2010.
- ↑ Dilger, Daniel Eran (October 25, 2010). "Review: Microsoft's Office 2011 for Mac (Page 2)". Apple Insider. Archived from the original on October 28, 2010. Retrieved November 7, 2010.
- ↑ "Differences between Word 2021 and Word 2024". Microsoft. September 16, 2024.
- ↑ Friedland, Nat (March 1987). "Today's Atari Corp.: A close up look inside". Antic. Vol. 5, no. 11. Retrieved January 13, 2014.
- ↑ Chadwick, Ian (Summer 1988). "Feature Review: Microsoft Write – Was it worth the wait?". STart. Vol. 3, no. 1. Retrieved January 13, 2014.
- ↑ "New From Atari (Special Issue Number Two, 1988, pages 14)". STart.
- ↑ "COMDEX '88: The Computer Dealers Exposition (Summer 1988, Volume 3, Number 1, pages 8 - 13, 77 - 83)". ST Log.
- ↑ "Looking Back At 10 Years Of Microsoft 365 Making History (January 11, 2023)". Microsoft.
- ↑ "New ST Word Processing Entries Microsoft Write". Antic.
- ↑ "MICROSOFT WRITE: Was It Worth The Wait? (Summer 1988, Volume 3, Number 1, pages 36 - 38)". STart.
- ↑ "Microsoft Write A word-processing program for all MEGA and ST computers User's Manual" (PDF). Atarimania.
- ↑ "FEATURE REVIEW MICROSOFT WRITE Was It Worth The Wait?". STart.
- ↑ Flynn, Laurie (October 26, 1987). "Microsoft Pursues Mac Write With Low-End Word Processor". InfoWorld. Vol. 9, no. 43. InfoWorld Media Group. p. 45. ISSN 0199-6649. Retrieved January 13, 2014.
- ↑ "First Handheld PCs Based on Microsoft's H/PC Pro Edition Software Expected in Stores Later This Year". Stories. October 9, 1998. Retrieved December 6, 2024.
- ↑ "Word Mobile". Archived from the original on March 29, 2023. Retrieved March 29, 2023.
- ↑ Ralph, Nate. "Office for Windows Phone 8: Your handy starter guide". TechHive. Archived from the original on October 15, 2014. Retrieved August 30, 2014.
- ↑ Wollman, Dana (June 14, 2013). "Microsoft Office Mobile for iPhone hands-on". Engadget. Archived from the original on September 3, 2014. Retrieved August 30, 2014.
- ↑ Pogue, David (June 19, 2013). "Microsoft Adds Office for iPhone. Yawn". The New York Times. Archived from the original on July 22, 2014. Retrieved August 30, 2014.
- ↑ Mashirenko, Vladislav (July 3, 2023). "How to insert a checkbox in Word | Tab-TV". www.tab-tv.com. Archived from the original on July 4, 2023. Retrieved July 4, 2023.
- 1 2 Unsupported Features in Word Mobile Archived March 14, 2009, at the Wayback Machine. Microsoft. Retrieved September 21, 2007.
- ↑ Koenigsbauer, Kirk; Microsoft 365, Corporate Vice President for (July 29, 2015). "Office Mobile apps for Windows 10 are here!". Microsoft 365 Blog. Archived from the original on July 12, 2020. Retrieved July 11, 2020.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ↑ "Office Apps for Windows 10 Mobile: End of Support for Windows Phones". Archived from the original on March 29, 2023. Retrieved March 29, 2023.
- ↑ Cunningham, Andrew (March 27, 2014). "Microsoft brings Office to iPad, makes iPhone version free to all". Ars Technica. Archived from the original on March 7, 2023. Retrieved January 27, 2023.
- ↑ Lardinois, Frederic (January 29, 2015). "Microsoft's Office For Android Tablets Comes Out Of Preview". TechCrunch. Archived from the original on March 7, 2023. Retrieved January 28, 2023.
- ↑ Bradley, Tony (February 2, 2015). "Office Online vs. Office 365: What's free, what's not, and what you really need". PC World. Archived from the original on July 24, 2017. Retrieved July 16, 2020.
- ↑ Ansaldo, Michael (September 28, 2017). "Microsoft Office Online review: Work with your favorite Office formats for free". PC World. Archived from the original on July 4, 2019. Retrieved October 31, 2019.
- ↑ "Differences between using a document in the browser and in Word". Office Support. Microsoft. Archived from the original on November 7, 2017. Retrieved November 1, 2017.
- ↑ Cameron, Janet (September 1984). "Word Processing Revisited". BYTE (review). p. 171. Retrieved October 23, 2013.
- ↑ Manes, Stephen (February 21, 1984). "The Unfinished Word". PC Magazine. p. 192. Retrieved October 19, 2021.
- ↑ Mendelson, Edward (Summer 1985). "Word Processing: A Guide for the Perplexed" (PDF). The Yale Review (74): 615–640.
- ↑ Pournelle, Jerry (October 1987). "New Life for Lucy". BYTE. pp. 251–264. Retrieved August 18, 2024.
- ↑ McNeill, Dan (December 1987). "Macintosh: The Word Explosion". Compute!'s Apple Applications. pp. 54–60. Retrieved September 14, 2016.
- ↑ Nimersheim, Jack (December 1989). "Compute! Specific: MS-DOS". Compute!. pp. 11–12.
- ↑ Morgan, Phillip (December 1993). "Microsoft Word 6.0, WordPerfect 6.0 for DOS". Compute!. No. 159. p. 116. Retrieved August 25, 2026.
- ↑ Gates, Bill; Manzi, Jim; Esber, Ed (November 2, 1987). "The great software debate". Computerworld (Interview). Vol. XXI, no. 44. Interviewed by Paul Gillin. p. SR7. Retrieved June 8, 2025.
- ↑ 1990 AICPA survey of computer usage (Report). 1990. 561. Retrieved April 30, 2025.
- ↑ "Data Stream". Next Generation. No. 21. Imagine Media. September 1996. p. 21.
- ↑ "Looking back at 10 years of Microsoft 365 making history". Microsoft 365. Retrieved October 23, 2024.
- ↑ "Opus Development Postmortem" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on February 14, 2019. Retrieved December 27, 2018.
- ↑ "Microsoft Word 1.x (Windows) – Stats, Downloads and Screenshots :: WinWorld". WinWorld. Archived from the original on August 19, 2016. Retrieved July 3, 2016.
- ↑ Shustek, Len (March 24, 2014). "Microsoft Word for Windows Version 1.1a Source Code". Archived from the original on March 28, 2014. Retrieved March 29, 2014.
- ↑ Levin, Roy (March 25, 2014). "Microsoft makes source code for MS-DOS and Word for Windows available to public". Official Microsoft Blog. Archived from the original on March 28, 2014. Retrieved March 29, 2014.
- 1 2 "Office 14". Office Watch. June 1, 2007. Archived from the original on August 8, 2016. Retrieved June 13, 2016.
For the sake of superstition the next version of Office won't be called '13'.
- ↑ "Overview of Office 2019 (for IT Pros)". Microsoft Learn. Microsoft. April 24, 2025. Archived from the original on November 12, 2025. Retrieved November 12, 2025.
The major version of Office 2019 is staying at 16.0
- ↑ "Overview of Office LTSC 2021". Microsoft Learn. Microsoft. April 7, 2025. Archived from the original on November 12, 2025. Retrieved November 12, 2025.
The major version of Office LTSC 2021 is 16.0
- ↑ "Overview of Office LTSC 2024". Microsoft Learn. Microsoft. April 2, 2025. Archived from the original on November 12, 2025. Retrieved November 12, 2025.
The major version of Office LTSC 2024 is 16.0
- ↑ "Microsoft Word 1.x (OS/2)". WinWorld. Retrieved February 3, 2025.
- ↑ Marshall, Martin (January 8, 1990). "SCO Begins Shipping Microsoft Word 5.0 for Unix and Xenix". InfoWorld. p. 6. Retrieved May 20, 2021.
- ↑ "Microsoft Word: SCO announces Word for Unix Systems Version 5.1". EDGE: Work-Group Computing Report. March 11, 1991. p. 33. Retrieved May 20, 2021 – via Gale General OneFile.
Further reading
- Tsang, Cheryl. Microsoft: First Generation. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ISBN 978-0-471-33206-0.
- Liebowitz, Stan J. & Margolis, Stephen E. Winners, Losers & Microsoft: Competition and Antitrust in High Technology Oakland: Independent Institute. ISBN 978-0-945999-80-5.
External links
- Official website
- Find and replace text by using regular expressions (Advanced) - archived official support website
| Microsoft Office | |
|---|---|
| Applications | |
| Technologies | |
| Related | |
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
| Other | |
