 | This article may contain excessive or inappropriate references to self-published sources. (May 2023) |
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| Video games |
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Linux-based operating systems can be used for playing video games. Because fewer games natively support the Linux kernel than Windows, various software has been made to run Windows games, software, and programs, such as Wine, Cedega, DXVK, and Proton, and managers such as Lutris and PlayOnLinux. The Linux gaming community has a presence on the internet with users who attempt to run games that are not officially supported on Linux.
History
Linux gaming started largely as an extension of the already present Unix gaming scene,[1] which dates back to that system's conception in 1969 with the game Space Travel[2][3][self-published source?] and the first edition in 1971,[4] with both systems sharing many similar titles.[5][self-published source?][6] These games were mostly either arcade and parlour type games or text adventures using libraries like curses.[7][8] A notable example of this are the "BSD Games", a collection of interactive fiction and other text-mode amusements.[9][10] The free software philosophy and open-source methodology which drove the development of the operating system in general also spawned the creation of various early free games.[11][12]
Popular early titles included Netrek and the various XAsteroids, XBattle, XBill, XBoing, X-Bomber, XConq, XDigger, XEmeraldia, XEvil, XGalaga, XGammon, XLander, XLife, XMahjong, XMine, XSoldier, XPilot, XRobots, XRubiks, XShogi, XScavenger, XTris, XTron, XTic and XTux games using the X Window System.[13][14] Other games targeted or also supported the SVGAlib library allowing them to run without a windowing system,[15] such as LinCity, Maelstrom, Sasteroids,[16] and SABRE.[17] The General Graphics Interface was also used[18] for games like U.R.B.A.N The Cyborg Project[19] and Dave Gnukem[20] ported from DOS. As the operating system itself grew and expanded, the amount of free and open-source games also increased in scale and complexity, with both clones of historically popular releases beginning with BZFlag, LinCity, and Freeciv,[21] and original creations such as Rocks'n'Diamonds, Cube, The Battle for Wesnoth, and Tux Racer.[22]
1994
The beginning of Linux as a gaming platform for commercial video games is widely credited to have begun in 1994 when Dave D. Taylor ported the game Doom to Linux, and many other systems, during his spare time.[23][24] Shareware copies of the game were included on various Linux discs,[25] including those packed in with reference books.[26][27][28]
Ancient Domains of Mystery was also released for Linux in 1994 by Thomas Biskup, building on the roguelike legacy of games such as Moria and its descendent Angband, but more specifically Hack and NetHack.
1995
From there Taylor would also help found the development studio Crack dot Com, which released the video game Abuse,[29] with the game's Linux port even being distributed by Linux vendors Red Hat[30] and Caldera.[31] The studio's never finished Golgotha was also slated to be released by Red Hat in box.[32]
In 1991 DUX Software contracted Don Hopkins to port SimCity to Unix,[33] which he ported to Linux in 1995 and eventually released as open source for the OLPC XO laptop.[34]
A website named The Linux Game Tome, also known as HappyPenguin after its URL, was begun by Tessa Lau in 1995 to catalogue games created for or ported to Linux from the SunSITE game directories and other classic X11 games for a set of just over 100 titles.[35]
1996–1997
id Software, the original developers of Doom, also continued to release their products for Linux. Their game Quake was ported to Linux via X11 in 1996, once again by Dave D. Taylor working in his free time.[36][37] An SVGALib version was also later produced by Greg Alexander in 1997 using recently leaked source code, but was later mainlined by id.[38] Later id products continued to be ported by Zoid Kirsch[39] and Timothee Besset,[40] a practice that continued until the studio's acquisition by ZeniMax Media in 2009.[41] Initially, Zoid Kirsch was responsible for maintaining the Linux version of Quake and porting QuakeWorld to Linux.
Inner Worlds was released for and developed on Linux.[42] The UNIX Book of Games, a 1996 publication by Janice Winsor, described various games with an accompanying CD-ROM containing executables and source code for Linux and SCO Unix.[43]
1998
The Linux Game Tome was taken over by Bob Zimbinski in 1998 eventually growing to over 2000 entries, sponsored by retailer Penguin Computing and later LGP until it went down in 2013, although mirrors still exist.[44][45]
The site LinuxGames covered news and commentary from November 1998 until its host Atomicgamer went down in 2015.[46][47] It was established by Marvin Malkowski, head of the Telefragged gaming network, alongside Al Koskelin and Dustin Reyes;[48] Reyes died 8 August 2023.[49]
Zoid Kirsch from id Software ported Quake II to Linux. Two programmers from Origin ported Ultima Online to Linux and MP Entertainment released an adventure game Hopkins FBI for Linux[50][51]
On 9 November 1998, a new software firm called Loki Software was founded by Scott Draeker, a former lawyer who became interested in porting games to Linux after being introduced to the system through his work as a software licensing attorney.[52] Loki, although a commercial failure, is credited with the birth of the modern Linux game industry.[53] Loki developed several free software tools, such as the Loki installer (also known as Loki Setup),[54] and supported the development of the Simple DirectMedia Layer,[55] and starting the OpenAL audio library project.[56][57] These are still often credited as being the cornerstones of Linux game development.[58] They were also responsible for bringing nineteen high-profile games to the platform before its closure in 2002.
1999
Loki published Civilization: Call to Power, Eric's Ultimate Solitaire, Heretic II, Heroes of Might and Magic III, Railroad Tycoon II: Gold Edition, Quake III: Arena, and Unreal Tournament for Linux.[59]
Loki's initial success also attracted other firms to invest in the Linux gaming market, such as Tribsoft, Hyperion Entertainment, Macmillan Digital Publishing USA, Titan Computer, Xatrix Entertainment, Philos Laboratories, and Vicarious Visions.[60]
The ports of Quake and Quake II were released physically by Macmillan Computer Publishing USA,[61] while Quake III was released for Linux by Loki Software.[62] Red Hat had previously passed on publishing Quake for Linux, since it was not open-source at the time.[63]
Philos Laboratories released a Linux version of Theocracy on the retail disk. Ryan "Ridah" Feltrin from Xatrix Entertainment released a Linux version of Kingpin: Life of Crime.
BlackHoleSun Software released Krilo and Futureware 2001 released a trading simulation Würstelstand for Linux.[64]
The Indrema Entertainment System (also known as the L600) was also in development since 1999 as a Linux-based game console and digital media player,[65][66][67] but production halted in 2001 due to a lack of investment,[68][69] although the TuxBox project attempted a continuation.[70]
2000
Loki published Descent 3, Heavy Gear II, SimCity 3000, and Soldier of Fortune for Linux. They also released the expansion Descent 3: Mercenary as the downloadable Linux installer.[59]
Hyperion Entertainment ported Sin to Linux published by Titan Computer. Vicarious Visions ported the space-flight game Terminus to Linux. Mountain King Studios released a port of Raptor: Call of the Shadows and CipSoft published the Linux client of Tibia.[71]
Boutell.com ported Exile III: Ruined World to Linux, which was a game created by Spiderweb Software.
During this time Michael Simms founded Tux Games, one of the first online Linux game retailers,[72] later followed by Fun 4 Tux,[73] Wupra,[74] ixsoft, and LinuxPusher.[75]
The period also saw a number of commercial compilations released,[76] such as 100 Great Linux Games by Global Star Software,[77] Linux Games by Walnut Creek CDROM,[78][79] Linux Games++ by Pacific Hitech,[80][81] Linux Cubed Series 8 LINUX Games by Omeron Systems,[82] Best Linux Games by SOT Finnish Software Engineering,[83][84][85] LinuxCenter Games Collection,[86] Linux Games & Entertainment for X Windows by Hemming,[87][88] Linux Spiele & Games by more software,[89] Linux Spiele by Franzis Verlag,[90] and play it! Linux: Die Spielesammlung by S.A.D. Software.[91]
Numerous Linux distributions and collections packed in Loki games and demos,[92] including Red Hat Linux,[93] Corel Linux and WordPerfect Office,[94][95] and the complete Eric's Ultimate Solitaire bundled with PowerPlant by TheKompany.[96] Easy Linux 2000 similarly bundled in a copy of the Linux version of Hopkins FBI.[97]
2001
Loki published Heavy Metal: F.A.K.K.², Kohan: Immortal Sovereigns, Mindrover: The Europa Project, Myth II: Soulblighter, Postal Plus, Rune, Rune: Halls of Valhalla, Sid Meier's Alpha Centauri, and Tribes 2 for Linux.[59]
Linux Game Publishing was founded in 2001 in response to the impending demise of Loki. Creature Labs ported Creatures: Internet Edition to Linux, which was published by LGP.
Hyperion Entertainment ported Shogo: Mobile Armor Division to Linux, and Tribsoft created a Linux version of Jagged Alliance 2, both published by Titan Computer.
Illwinter Game Design released Conquest of Elysium II and Dominions: Priests, Prophets & Pretenders for Linux. Introversion Software released Uplink for Linux.
BlackHoleSun Software released Bunnies, and worked on Atlantis: The Underwater City – Interactive Storybook published by Sterling Entertainment.[64]
GLAMUS GmbH released a Linux version of their game Mobility and Oliver Hamann released the driving game Odyssey by Car.[98]
Small Rockets published Small Rockets BackGammon, Small Rockets Mah Jongg, and Small Rockets Poker for Linux.[citation needed]
The company TransGaming marketed as a monthly subscription its own proprietary fork of Wine called WineX in October 2001, later renamed Cedega in 2004 and discontinued in 2011, which aimed for greater compatibility with Microsoft Windows games. A special Gaming Edition of Mandrake Linux 8.1 was released that featured WineX packed in with The Sims.[99] The fact that the fork of Wine did not release source back to the main project was also a point of contention, despite promises to release code after achieving a set number of subscribers.[100][101]
The release of ScummVM in 2001,[102] Dosbox in 2002,[103] and video game console emulators like MAME from 1997 and released as open source in 2016, helped make Linux a viable platform for retro gaming (facilitated by the RetroArch frontend since 2010).[104][105] This is especially the case for the GP2X series of handheld game consoles by GamePark Holdings in addition to the community driven Pandora and DragonBox Pyra. Dedicated emulation setups are also built on single-board computers like the Raspberry Pi released in 2012, which are most often Linux based including with Raspberry Pi OS.[106] Wine is also useful for running older Windows games,[107] including 16-bit and even some 32-bit applications that no longer work on modern 64-bit Windows.[108] The Sharp Zaurus personal data assistants adopted a Linux derived system called OpenZaurus, which attracted its own gaming scene.[109][110] This was also the case with the Agenda VR3, advertised as the first "pure Linux PDA".[111][112]
2002
After Loki's closure, the Linux game market experienced some changes.[113] Although some new firms, such as Linux Game Publishing and RuneSoft, would largely continue the role of a standard porting house,[114] the focus began to change with Linux game proponents encouraging game developers to port their game products themselves or through individual contractors.[115] Influential to this was Ryan C. Gordon, a former Loki employee who would over the next decade port several game titles to multiple platforms, including Linux.[116]
Ryan ported America's Army, Candy Cruncher, Serious Sam: The First Encounter, and Unreal Tournament 2003 to Linux.[117][118][119]
Linux Game Publishing had initially tried to pick up the support rights to many of Loki's titles, but in the end it was only able to acquire the rights to MindRover: The Europa Project. They released the updated version of Mindrover and its downloadable update for owners of the old Loki version.[120]
Return to Castle Wolfenstein was released for Linux and with the Linux port done in-house by Timothee Besset[121]
Chronic logic released Bridge Construction Set and Triptych for Linux.
Sunspire Studios released in retail commercial expansion of the game titled Tux Racer.[122]
2003
Ryan ported Devastation, Medal of Honor Allied Assault, and Serious Sam: The Second Encounter to Linux.[119]
LGP took interest in publishing Pyrogon games on physical CDs and they released Candy Cruncher.[123] Mathieu Pinard from Tribsoft got LGP in contact with Cyberlore to save the Linux port of Majesty because Titan Computer get out of Linux publishing. This turn of events helped LGP to release a Majesty for Linux after Pinard closed his company in 2002.[124]
Timothee Bessett from id Software ported Wolfenstein: Enemy Territory to Linux.[125]
Around this time many companies, starting with id Software, also began to release legacy source code leading to a proliferation of source ports of older games to Linux and other systems.[126] This also helped expand the already existing free and open-source gaming scene, especially with regards to the creation of free first person shooters.[127] In addition, numerous game engine recreations have been produced to varying levels of accuracy using reverse engineering or underlying engine code supporting the original game files including on Linux and other niche systems.[128][129]
2004
Ryan ported Unreal Tournament 2004 to Linux for Epic Games[130] and Timothee Bessett from id Software ported Doom 3 to Linux.[125]
David Hedbor, founder and main programmer of Eon Games ported NingPo MahJong and Hyperspace Delivery Boy! to Linux, which later were published by LGP.[131]
2005–2007
Ryan ported Postal²: Share the Pain to Linux published by LGP.[132]
CodeWeavers offered an enhanced version of Wine called CrossOver Games.[133][134] The reliance on such compatibility layers remains controversial with concerns that it hinders growth in native development,[135][136] although this approach was defended based on Loki's demise.[137][138] PlayOnLinux, established in 2007, provides a community alternative,[139] with various guides being written on how to get games to run through Wine.[140]
2008–2011
- Windows (61.9%)
- Mac (21.6%)
- Linux (16.5%)
- Windows (52.1%)
- Mac (23.0%)
- Linux (24.9%)
The Linux gaming market also started to experience some growth towards the end of the decade with the rise of independent video game development,[142] with many "indie" developers favouring support for multiple platforms.[143] The Humble Indie Bundle initiatives inaugurated in 2010 helped to formally demonstrate this trend,[144] with Linux users representing a sizable population of their purchase base, and as being the most consistently financially generous in spending.[145][146] The Humble Indie Bundle V in 2012 faced controversy for featuring a Wine-based release of Limbo prepared by CodeWeavers,[147] while a native version was later released in 2014.[148] Humble eventually began offering Windows-only games in their bundles and on their store.[149][150]
In 2009, the small indie game company Entourev LLC published Voltley to Linux which is the first commercial exclusive game for this operating system.[151][152] In the same year, LGP released Shadowgrounds which was the first commercial game for Linux using the Nvidia PhysX middleware.[153] The GamingOnLinux website was launched on 4 July 2009, and eventually succeeded LinuxGames as the main source of news and commentary.[154]
The release of a Linux version of Desura in 2011,[155] a digital distribution platform with a main focus on small independent developers, was heralded by several commentators as an important step to greater acknowledgement of Linux as a gaming platform.[142][156][157] Shortly before this, Canonical launched the Ubuntu Software Center which also sold digital games.[158] The digital store Gameolith also launched in 2011 focused principally on Linux before expanding in 2012 and closing in 2014.[159][160]
2012–2016
In July 2012, game developer and content distributor Valve announced a port of their Source engine for Linux as well as stating their intention to release their Steam digital distribution service for Linux.[161][162][163] The potential availability of a Linux Steam client had already attracted other developers to consider porting their titles to Linux,[157][164][165][166] including previously Mac OS only porting houses such as Aspyr Media and Feral Interactive.[167]
In November 2012, Unity Technologies ported their Unity engine and game creation system to Linux starting with version 4. All of the games created with the Unity engine can now be ported to Linux easily.[168]
In September 2013, Valve announced that they were releasing a gaming oriented Linux based operating system called SteamOS with Valve saying they had "come to the conclusion that the environment best suited to delivering value to customers is an operating system built around Steam itself."[157][169] This was used for their Steam Machine platform released on 10 November 2015, and discontinued in 2018.[170]
In March 2014, GOG.com announced they would begin to support Linux titles on their DRM free store starting the same year, after previously stating they would not be able due to too many distributions.[171] GOG.com began their initial roll out on 24 July 2014, by offering 50 Linux supporting titles, including several new to the platform.[172]
Despite previous statements, GOG have confirmed they have no plans to port their Galaxy client to Linux.[173] The free software Lutris started in 2010,[174] GameHub from 2019,[175] MiniGalaxy from 2020,[176] and the Heroic Games Launcher from 2021,[177] offer support for GOG as well as the Epic Games Store, Ubisoft Connect and Origin.
In March and April 2014, two major developers Epic Games and Crytek announced Linux support for their next generation engines Unreal Engine 4 and CryEngine respectively.[178][179]
Towards the end of 2014, the game host itch.io announced that Linux would be supported with their developing open source game client.[180] This was fully launched simultaneously on Windows, Mac OS X, and Linux on 15 December 2015.[181] The service had supported Linux since it was first unveiled on 3 March 2013, with creator Leaf Corcoran personally a Linux user.[182] The similar Game Jolt service also supports Linux and has an open source client released on 13 January 2016.[183][184] GamersGate also sells games for Linux.[185][186]
In 2015, started OpenXRay project — an improved version of the X-Ray Engine, the game engine used in the world-famous S.T.A.L.K.E.R., with Linux and macOS support.[187][188][189][190]
In July 2015, LinuxGames website shut down.[191]
2017–present
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On 22 August 2018, Valve released their fork of Wine called Proton, aimed at gaming.[192] It features some improvements over the vanilla Wine such as Vulkan-based DirectX 11 implementation, Steam integration, better full screen and game controller support and improved performance for multi-threaded games.[193] It has since grown to include support for DirectX 9[194] and DirectX 12[195] over Vulkan. The itch.io app added its own Wine integration in June 2020,[196] while Lutris and PlayOnLinux are long-standing independent solutions for compatibility wrappers.[197][198]
As with Wine and Cedega in the past, concerns have been raised over whether Proton hinders native development more than it encourages use of the platform.[199][200] Prodeus dropped native support in favour of Proton shortly before final release[201] and Arcen Games cancelled planned native support for Heart of the Machine.[202] Valve has expressed no preference over Proton or native ports among developers.[203]
On 25 February 2022, Valve released Steam Deck, a handheld game console running SteamOS 3.0.[204][205] The deployment of Proton and other design decisions were based on the limited response to their previous Steam Machines.[206] Linux was also used as a base for several nostalgia consoles, including the Neo Geo X,[207] NES Classic Edition,[208] Super NES Classic Edition,[209] Sega Genesis Mini,[210] Intellivision Amico,[211] Lichee Pocket 4A,[212] and the Atari VCS.[213] It also powers the more general Polymega,[214] Anbernic RG351 and 5G552, as well as the Game Gadget,[215] Evercade, VS, EXP and Super Pocket retrogaming consoles by Blaze Entertainment.[216][217]
As of early 2023, the retro game store Zoom Platform was enhancing Linux support on their available titles.[218]
Commercial games for non-x86 instruction sets
Some companies ported games to Linux running on instruction sets other than x86, such as Alpha, PowerPC, SPARC, MIPS or ARM.
Loki Entertainment Software ported Civilization: Call to Power, Eric's Ultimate Solitaire, Heroes of Might and Magic III, Myth II: Soulblighter, Railroad Tycoon II Gold Edition and Sid Meier's Alpha Centauri with Alien Crossfire expansion pack to Linux PowerPC.[219] They also ported Civilization: Call to Power, Eric's Ultimate Solitaire, Sid Meier's Alpha Centauri with Alien Crossfire expansion pack to Linux Alpha and Civilization: Call to Power, Eric's Ultimate Solitaire to Linux SPARC.[220]
Linux Game Publishing published Candy Cruncher, Majesty Gold, NingPo MahJong and Soul Ride to Linux PowerPC. They also ported Candy Cruncher, Soul Ride to Linux SPARC and Soul Ride to Linux Alpha.[221][222]
Illwinter Game Design ported Dominions: Priests, Prophets and Pretenders, Dominions II: The Ascension Wars and Dominions 3 to Linux PowerPC, as well as Conquest of Elysium 3, Dominions 4: Thrones of Ascension to Raspberry Pi.[223]
Hyperion Entertainment ported Sin to Linux PowerPC published by Titan Computer[224] and Gorky 17 to Linux PowerPC which later was published by LGP.[225]
Runesoft hired Gunnar von Boehn which ported Robin Hood – The Legend of Sherwood to Linux PowerPC.[226] Later Runesoft ported Airline Tycoon Deluxe to Raspberry Pi was running Debian GNU/Linux.[citation needed]
Laminar Research ported X-Plane 8 to Linux PowerPC.
Iain McLeod ported Spheres of Chaos to Linux on the PlayStation 2 consoles and later re-released it as a freeware game.
Market share
The Steam Hardware Survey reports that as of January 2024, 2% of users are using some form of Linux as their platform's main operating system.[227] The Unity game engine used to[228] make their statistics available and in March 2016 reported that Linux users accounted for 0.4% of players.[229] In 2010, in the first Humble Bundle sales, Linux formed 18% of purchases.[230]
Supported hardware
Linux as a gaming platform can also refer to operating systems based on the Linux kernel and specifically designed for the sole purpose of gaming. Examples are SteamOS, which is an operating system for Steam Machines, Steam Deck and general computers, video game consoles built from components found in the classical home computer, (embedded) operating systems like Tizen and Pandora, and handheld game consoles like GP2X, and Neo Geo X. The Nvidia Shield runs Android as an operating system, which is based on a modified Linux kernel.[citation needed]
The open source design of the Linux software platform allows the operating system to be compatible with various computer instruction sets and many peripherals, such as game controllers and head-mounted displays. As an example, HTC Vive, which is a virtual reality head-mounted display, supports the Linux gaming platform.[citation needed]
Performance
In 2013, tests by Phoronix showed real-world performance of games on Linux with proprietary Nvidia and AMD drivers were mostly comparable to results on Windows 8.1.[231] Phoronix found similar results in 2015,[232] though Ars Technica described a 20% performance drop with Linux drivers.[233]
Software architecture
An operating system based on the Linux kernel and customized specifically for gaming, could adopt the vanilla Linux kernel with only little changes, or—like the Android operating system—be based on a relative extensively modified Linux kernel. It could adopt GNU C Library or Bionic or something like it. The entire middleware or parts of it, could very well be closed-source and proprietary software; the same is true for the video games. There are free and open-source video games available for the Linux operating system, as well as proprietary ones.[citation needed]
Linux kernel
The subsystems already mainlined and available in the Linux kernel are most probably performant enough so to not impede the gaming experience in any way,[citation needed] however additional software is available, such as e.g. the Brain Fuck Scheduler (a process scheduler) or the Budget Fair Queueing (BFQ) scheduler (an I/O scheduler).[234]
Similar to the way the Linux kernel can be, for example, adapted to run better on supercomputers, there are adaptations targeted at improving the performance of games. A project concerning itself with this issue is called Liquorix.[235][236]
Available software for video game designers
Game creation systems
Several game creation systems can be run on Linux, such as Game Editor, GDevelop, Construct and Stencyl, as well as beta versions of GameMaker.[237] A Linux version of Clickteam Fusion 3 was mentioned, but has yet to be released.[238] The Godot, Defold, and Solar2D game engines also supports creating games on Linux,[239] as do the commercial UnrealEd[240] and Unity Editor,[241][242] The visual programming environments Snap!, Scratch 1.X[243] and Tynker are Linux compatible. Enterbrain's RPG Maker MV was released for Linux.[244] In addition, open-source, cross-platform clones of the RPG Maker series exist such as Open RPG Maker, MKXP and EasyRPG,[245] as well as the similar OHRRPGCE and Solarus.[246] The Adventure Game Studio editor is not yet ported to Linux, although games made in it are compatible, and the Wintermute and SLUDGE[247] adventure game engines are available. ZGameEditor,[248] Novashell,[249] GB Studio,[250] and the ZZT inspired MegaZeux[251] are also options. Versions of Mugen were made available for Linux,[252] and open-source re-implementations such as IKEMEN Go are compatible.[253] The JavaScript based Ct.js[254] Pixelbox.js,[255] and Superpowers[256] are also options.
Level editors
Various level editors exist for Linux, such as wxqoole, GtkRadiant, TrenchBroom[257][258] and J.A.C.K.[259] for the id Tech engines and related, Eureka,[260] SLADE[261] and ReDoomEd[262] for the Doom engine, and the general purpose tile map editors LDtk,[263] Ogmo,[264] and Tiled.[265]
Debuggers
Several game development tools have been available for Linux, including GNU Debugger, LLDB, Valgrind, glslang and others. VOGL, a debugger for OpenGL was released on 12 March 2014.
Available interfaces and SDKs
There are multiple interfaces and Software Development Kits available for Linux, and almost all of them are cross-platform. Most are free and open-source software subject to the terms of the zlib License, making it possible to static link against them from fully closed-source proprietary software. One difficulty due to this abundance of interfaces, is the difficulty for programmers to choose the best suitable audio API for their purpose. The main developer of the PulseAudio project, Lennart Poettering, commented on this issue.[266] Physics engines, audio libraries, that are available as modules for game engines, have been available for Linux for a long time.[time needed][citation needed]
The book Programming Linux Games covers a couple of the available APIs suited for video game development for Linux, while The Linux Programming Interface covers the Linux kernel interfaces in much greater detail.
| Library | License | in | Language bindings | Back-ends | Description | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Icon | Name | Official | 3rd-party | Linux | Windows | macOS | Other | |||
 | Allegro | zlib License | C | Yes | Yes | Yes | Android, iOS | |||
| ClanLib | zlib License | C++ | Python, Lua, Ruby | Yes | Yes | N/a | N/a | |||
| GLFW | zlib License | C | N/a | Ada, C#, Common Lisp, D, Go, Haskell, Java, Python, Rebol, Red, Ruby, Rust | Yes | Yes | Yes | a small C library to create and manage windows with OpenGL contexts, enumerate monitors and video modes, and handle input | ||
| Grapple | LGPL-2.1+ | C | Yes | Yes | Yes | free software package for adding multiplayer support | ||||
| Nvidia GameWorks | Proprietary | Unknown | WIP | Yes | N/a | N/a | As the result of their cooperation with Valve, Nvidia announced a Linux port of GameWorks.[267] As of June 2014, PhysX, and OptiX have been available for Linux for some time. | |||
| OpenPlay | APSL | C | Yes | Yes | Yes | N/a | networking library authored by Apple Inc. | |||
 | Pygame | LGPL-2.1 | Python | Yes | Yes | Yes | build over SDL | |||
| RakNet | BSD 3-clause | C++ | C++, C# | N/a | Yes | Yes | Yes | PlayStation 3, iOS, ... | game network engine for multi-player | |
 | SDL | zlib License | C | C | C#, Pascal, Python, Gambas | EGL, Xlib, GLX? | GDI, Direct3D | Quartz, Core OpenGL? | PSP-stuff | a low-level cross-platform abstraction layer |
 | SFML | zlib License | C++ | C, D, Python, Ruby, OCaml, .Net, Go | Yes | Yes | Yes | |||
 | wxWidgets | LGPL-like | C++ | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||||
Available middleware
Beside majority of the software which acts as an interface to various subsystems of the operating system, there is also software which can be simply described as middleware. A multitude of companies exist worldwide, whose main or only product is software that is meant to be licensed and integrated into a game engine. Their main target is the video game industry, but the film industry also uses such software for special effects. Some very few well known examples are
- classical physics: Havok, Newton Game Dynamics and PhysX
- audio: Audiokinetic Wwise, FMOD
- other: SpeedTree
A significant share of the available middleware already runs natively on Linux, only a very few run exclusively on Linux.
Available IDEs and source code editors
Numerous source code editors and IDEs are available for Linux, among which are Visual Studio Code, Sublime Text, Code::Blocks, Qt Creator, Emacs, Vim, or GNU nano.
Multi-monitor
A multi-monitor setup is supported on Linux at least by AMD Eyefinity & AMD Catalyst, Xinerama and RandR on both X11 and Wayland. Serious Sam 3: BFE is one example of a game that runs natively on Linux and supports very high resolutions and is validated by AMD to support their Eyefinity.[268] Civilization V is another example, it even runs on a "Kaveri" desktop APU in 3x1 portrait mode.[269]
Voice over IP
The specifications of the Mumble protocol are freely available and there are BSD-licensed implementations for both servers and clients. The positional audio API of Mumble is supported by e.g. Cube 2: Sauerbraten.
Wine
Wine is a compatibility layer that provides binary compatibility and makes it possible to run software, that was written and compiled for Microsoft Windows, on Linux. The Wine project hosts a user-submitted application database (known as Wine AppDB) that lists programs and games along with ratings and reviews which detail how well they run with Wine. Wine AppDB also has a commenting system, which often includes instructions on how to modify a system to run a certain game which cannot run on a normal or default configuration. Many games are rated as running flawlessly, and there are also many other games that can be run with varying degrees of success. The use of Wine for gaming has proved controversial in the Linux community as some feel it is preventing, or at least hindering, the further growth of native gaming on the platform.[270][271]
Emulators
There are numerous emulators for Linux. There are also APIs, virtual machines, and machine emulators that provide binary compatibility:
- Anbox and Waydroid for the Android operating system;
- Basilisk II for the 68040 Mac;
- DOSBox and DOSEMU for MS-DOS and compatibles;
- DeSmuME and melonDS for the Nintendo DS;
- Dolphin for the GameCube, Wii, and the Triforce;
- FCEUX, Nestopia and TuxNES for the Nintendo Entertainment System;
- Flashpoint for Adobe Flash;
- Frotz for Z-Machine text adventures;
- Fuse for the Sinclair ZX Spectrum;
- Hatari for the Atari ST, STe, TT and Falcon;
- gnuboy for the Nintendo Game Boy and Game Boy Color;
- MAME for arcade games (and previously MESS for multiple hardware platforms);
- Mednafen and Xe emulating multiple hardware platforms including some of the above;
- Mupen64Plus and the no longer actively developed original Mupen64 for the Nintendo 64;
- PCSX-Reloaded, pSX and the Linux port of ePSXe for the PlayStation;
- Neko Project for the NEC PC-9801;
- PCSX2 for the PlayStation 2;
- PPSSPP for the PlayStation Portable;
- ScummVM for LucasArts and various other adventure games;
- SheepShaver for the PowerPC Macintosh;
- Snes9x, higan and ZSNES for the Super NES;
- Stella for the Atari 2600;
- UAE for the Amiga;
- VICE for the Commodore 64, 128, VIC-20, Plus/4 and PET;
- VisualBoyAdvance, mGBA and Boycott Advance for the Game Boy Advance;
- Mini vMac and the no longer actively developed original vMac for the 680x0 Macintosh;
Linux homebrew on consoles
Linux has been ported to several game consoles, including the Xbox, PlayStation 2, PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4,[272] GameCube,[273] and Wii which allows game developers without an expensive game development kit to access console hardware. Several gaming peripherals also work with Linux.[274][275]
Types of Linux gaming
Linux gaming can be divided into a number of sub-categories.[276][277][278]
Libre gaming
Libre gaming is a form of Linux gaming that emphasizes libre software, which often includes levels and assets as well as code.[279][self-published source?][280][irrelevant citation]
Native gaming
Native gaming is a form of Linux gaming that emphasizes using only native games or ports and not using emulators or compatibility layers.[270][136][281][282]
DRM-free gaming
DRM-free gaming is a form of Linux gaming that emphasizes boycotting DRM technologies. This can include buying games from GOG.com, certain Humble Bundles or itch.io and avoiding Steam and similar services.[283][284]
Terminal gaming
Terminal gaming is the playing of text-based games from within a console,[285] often programmed within Bash or using libraries such as ncurses.[286][287]
Retro gaming
Retrogaming is the playing of older games[288] using emulators such as MAME or Dosbox,[289] compatibility layers such as Wine and Proton,[290] engine reimplementations and source ports,[291] or even older Linux distributions (including live CDs and live USB, or virtual machines),[292][293] original binaries,[53] and period hardware.[294]
Live gaming
A number of games can be played from live distributions such as Knoppix, allowing easy access for users unwilling to fully commit to Linux.[295] Certain live distros have specially targeted gamers, such as SuperGamer and Linux-Gamers.[296][297]
Browser gaming
Browser gaming is the act of playing online games through a web browser,[298] which has the advantage of largely being platform independent.[299][300] The same largely applies to social network games hosted on social media sites.[301] Older games were largely based on Adobe Flash,[302] while modern ones are mostly HTML5.[303]
Cloud gaming
Cloud gaming is the streaming of games from a central server onto a desktop client.[304] This is another way to play games on Linux that are not natively supported,[305][306] although some cloud services, such as the erstwhile Google Stadia,[307][308] are hosted on Linux[309][310] and Android servers.[311] GamingAnywhere is an open source implementation.[312]
On Windows
Although less exploited than the reverse,[313] as few programs are Linux exclusive,[314] support does exist for running Linux binaries from Windows.[315][316] The Windows Subsystem for Linux allows the running of both command line[317][318] and graphical Linux applications[319] from Windows 10 and Windows 11.[320] An earlier implementation is Cygwin,[321] started by Cygnus Solutions and later maintained by Red Hat,[322] although it has limited hardware access[323] and required adaptation.[324] The use of Wine can even allow for the running of Windows games on Linux from Windows.[citation needed] The LibTAS library for tool assisted speedruns currently recommends WSL to run on Windows.[325] Naughty Dog meanwhile have used Cygwin to run old command-line tools for use in their game development,[326] which is a broader use for the platform.[327] As with running Windows applications on Linux, there is controversy over whether running Linux applications on Windows will dilute interest in Linux as distinct platform,[328] though it has speciality uses.[329]
Android gaming
Originally derived from Linux, the Android mobile operating system has a distinct and popular gaming ecosystem.[330] It has also been used as the base for several game consoles, such as the Nvidia Shield Portable and the Ouya.[331] Popular games include Pokémon Go, Genshin Impact, League of Legends: Wild Rift, Dead Cells and Call of Duty: Mobile.[332] Certain games, such as Minecraft, Stardew Valley, and Papers Please, are available for both Android and desktop Linux.[333]
ChromeOS gaming
ChromeOS is another Linux derived operating system by Google for its Chromebooks,[334] and it too has a dedicated gaming ecosystem.[335][336] Partly owing to a lack of high end graphics hardware,[337][338] it is especially oriented towards cloud gaming[339] via services like GeForce Now and Xbox Cloud Gaming,[340][341] with models featuring Nvidia GPUs ultimately being cancelled.[342] Numerous games for Android have also been made compatible with ChromeOS,[343][344] as well as a standard Linux games,[345][346][347] Windows games via Wine or Proton,[348][349][350] and with browser games also being popular.[351] A version of Steam has been in development for ChromeOS,[352] with third party launchers also available such as the Heroic Games Launcher for the Epic Games Store.[353] Popular titles include Among Us, Genshin Impact, Alto's Odyssey, Roblox, and Fortnite.[354][355][356][357] Skepticism remains for using ChromeOS and Chromebooks as gaming machines.[358][359][360] In August 2025, Google announced that they will end Steam for Chromebook support in 2026.[361]
BSD gaming
Owing to a common Unix-like heritage and free software ethos, many games for Linux are also ported to Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) variants[362] or can be run using compatibility layers such as Linuxulator.[363] BSDi had partnered with Loki Software to ensure its Linux ports ran on FreeBSD.[364] The Mizutamari launcher exists to facilitate running Windows games through Wine,[365] which can still be used standalone.[366] A 2011 benchmark by Phoronix even found certain speed advantages over running games on Linux alone, comparing PC-BSD 8.2 to Ubuntu 11.04.[367] Most BSD systems come with the same pack in desktop games as Linux.[368] The permissive licensing of BSD has also lead to its inclusion in the system software of several game consoles, such as the Sony PlayStation line[369][370] and the Nintendo Switch.[371]
OpenHarmony gaming
HarmonyOS with custom kernel[372] and OpenHarmony-Oniro based operating systems distros[373] of these newer platforms has a dedicated gaming ecosystem with compatibilities with third-party Linux libraries by developers on Linux kernel subsystem such as musl-libc of C standard library that targets the Linux syscall and POSIX APIs compatibility for native compatible games as well as limited virtual machines such as Android-based sandboxed ones.[374][375]
Unix gaming
A further niche exists for running games, either through ports or lxrun,[376] on Solaris[377] and derivatives such as OpenIndiana,[378] Darwin distributions such as PureDarwin,[379] Coherent,[380] SerenityOS,[381][382] RedoxOS,[383][384] ToaruOS,[385] Xv6,[386] Fiwix,[387] or on Minix[388] and Hurd based systems.[389] There has been some cross-pollination with purely proprietary Unix derivatives,[390] such as AIX,[391] QNX,[392] Domain/OS,[393] HP-UX,[394] IRIX (see here),[395][396] Xenix,[397] SCO Unix,[398] Unixware,[399] Tru64 UNIX,[400][401] LynxOS (which features inbuilt Linux compatibility[402]), Ultrix,[403] OpenVMS,[404][405] z/OS UNIX System Services,[406] and even A/UX.[407] The games Doom and Quake were developed by id Software on NeXTStep,[408] a forerunner of modern macOS,[409] before being ported to DOS and back to numerous other Unix variants.[410] This involved reaching out to numerous Unix vendors to supply machines to use in the build and testing process.[411]
Fandom
The community surrounding Linux and free/open source video games is very small,[citation needed] almost all medium-sized or mature free video games have a forum or other means of communication.[citation needed]
However, in recent years, there have been no meetups for any of the games,[citation needed] although free video games have been present at free software community events, including FOSDEM, where the video game Luanti[412] usually has its own stand. There have also been online events such as onfoss.
On the other hand, many projects use the sale of merchandise with logos and other images from the video game on T-shirts and other products as one of their sources of funding.
See also
- Directories and lists
- Linux gaming software
- Other articles
References
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The developers wanted to play the game on a PDP-7, a minicomputer built by Digital Equipment Corp found in the corner of their building. But the game couldn't be run run on more modern (and hence costly) equipment, as computing resource was a precious commodity back then. By the summer of 1969 they had developed the new Unix OS that could run the computer game and in 1971 the first ever edition of Unix was released. A second edition of Unix arrived in December 1972 and was rewritten in the higher-level language C.
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- ↑ Toomey, Warren (December 2011). "The Strange Birth and Long Life of Unix" (PDF). IEEE Spectrum.
Apart from the text-processing and general system applications, the first edition of Unix included games such as blackjack, chess, and tic-tac-toe.
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Some of our system components, the programming tools, became popular on their own among programmers, but we wrote many components that are not tools. We even developed a chess game, GNU Chess, because a complete system needs games too.
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- ↑ Johnson, Michael K. (1 December 1994). "DOOM". Linux Journal. Retrieved 23 April 2023.
- ↑ Zimbinski, Bob (1 January 1999). "Getting Started with Quake". Linux Journal.
- ↑ Hellums, Duane (1 March 1999). "Red Hat LINUX Secrets, Second Edition". Linux Journal. Retrieved 2 July 2023.
It would be nice to see some extra CD goodies included, such as Doom and Quake which are freely available elsewhere.
- ↑ Tackett, Jack (1997). Special Edition. Using Linux. United States: Que Corporation. p. 287. ISBN 9780470485460.
The X Windows version supplied on the accompanying Slackware CD-ROM in the /contrib directory is a complete hareware version. (The Red Hat distribution automatically installs the game during installation.) Although this version runs on 386 computers, it was built to run on high-end 486 systems. If you run DOOM on a 386 with a small amount of physical RAM, be prepared to be disappointed; the game will be too slow to be enjoyable. You need lots of horse-power to play DOOM under Linux.
- ↑ Barkakati, Naba (1996). Linux Secrets. United States: IDG Books Worldwide. p. 96. ISBN 9781568847986.
This disk set contains a collection of well-known UNIX games (X is not required), such as Hangman, Dungeon, and Snake. The set also includes id Software's DOOM. (This game comes in two versions, one runs under X, and the other runs without X.) You may want to install this disk set just so you can try out DOOM.
- ↑ Parker, Tim (1996). Linux Unleashed. United States: Macmillan Computer Publishing. p. 981. ISBN 0672313723.
DOOM - This exciting, though controversially gory, game is now ported to Linux as well. Complete with sound support and exquisite graphics, this Linux port does its DOS counterpart justice.
- ↑ "So Long, Crack.com". loonygames. Archived from the original on 21 October 2020. Retrieved 4 August 2011.
- ↑ "Partnership with Crack dot Com Brings Games to Linux" (Press release). Red Hat. 7 October 1997. Retrieved 31 July 2014.
- ↑ Anonymous (2000). Maximum Linux Security: A Hacker's Guide to Protecting Your Linux Server and Workstation, Volume 1. United States: Sams Publishing. p. 121. ISBN 9780672316708.
A classic, and very easy-to-follow SUID attack is the on the file /usr/lib/games/abuse/ abuse.console—part of a game that was distributed with Open Linux 1.1 and Red Hat 2.1. Yes, you read that right: Even a game can be a security risk to the system.
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- ↑ "The Linux Game Tome: Raptor – Call of the Shadows". Archived from the original on 21 February 2012. on The Linux Game Tome
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While still being the most elaborate, 100 Great Linux Games was far from the only shovelware set of games released for Linux, with several UNIX CD-ROM vendors such as Walnut Creek CDROM and Omeron Systems also seeking a piece of the action for themselves.
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Linux Games (Linux) – Large collection of games, graphics, sound, and video applications, plus related development tools.
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Formerly known as 'Linux Games++', this is a collection of the best entertainment and multimedia programs for the Linux operating system. It also contains multimedia development tools to assist you in creating your own games and multimedia applications for Linux. This is the latest issue, volume 4, and features a new and improved user interface. The CD contains packages for i386, DEC Alpha, and PPC platforms. This product is only available through Walnut Creek CD-ROM.
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I did discover that Phobia III was later packaged as part of the Russian made LinuxCenter Games Collection Vol.2 compilation, a selection of Linux gaming files that was sold on either four CD-ROMs or a single DVD, but this too appeared to have been scrubbed from the internet.
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According to White in a 2006 NewsForge interview, this forking caused Wine's development to slow down for years. "Historically, the main interest for volunteer Wine developers was games; that was the main focus for most of Wine's early years (~1993–2000). When Transgaming started in 2001, they promised that they would release their DirectX improvements back to Wine. That cast a chill over games in Wine — why work on DirectX if all these improvements would 'soon' be coming back? Of course, no meaningful improvements have ever come back, which had the effect of creating a huge hole in what had been Wine's very best facility." By 2007, White says, "The Wine community had recovered from the hole created by Transgaming."
- ↑ Moss, Richard (16 January 2012). "Maniac Tentacle Mindbenders: How ScummVM's unpaid coders kept adventure gaming alive". Ars Technica. Retrieved 16 February 2016.
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An excellent way to start using the Zaurus is by playing games. The best way to play games on the Zaurus is to install an emulator.
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- ↑ Interview with Ryan Gordon: Postal2, Unreal & Mac Gaming Macologist, 10 November. 2004
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In short: indie games are thriving on Linux. The Humble Bundles have not only helped publicize the games, but have also helped prove that there is an untapped market for games on Linux, and that Linux users have no problem paying to support the developers who support them.
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Linux users tended to be the most generous of these, leading Graham to suggest indie developers go after underserved markets. "If you support Mac and Linux as an independent developer you have a good chance of doubling your revenue," Graham said.
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It uses a Linux-based emulator running on a 1GHz Jz4770 system-on-chip
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Let this look at the taken-apart Sega Genesis Mini remind you that, like other recent retro consoles, the SGM relies on a Linux-driven SoC.
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But our OS is a hybrid, a Linux/Android hybrid that we've created in house. It's very solid, but it's very flexible, with Linux being the flexible part and Android being the solid part.
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The Polymega is a software emulation-based console with a custom, Intel-backed motherboard running on Linux with a custom user interface.
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Inside, the Evercade features a 1.2GHz Cortex A7 SoC running a customized Linux setup.
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The custom Linux operating system that the EXP runs borrows from the VS home console.
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You can also play through the terminal; Of course, it depends on your expectations and definition of the game! But if the goal is entertainment, the Linux terminal offers you funny and nostalgic choices.
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The ever increasing popularity of social gaming is a definite threat to traditional forms of gaming. Social gaming comes in many forms, but an obvious example would be games that can be played on Facebook and other social networking websites where games and statistics can be viewed and shared online with a player's friends. This form of gaming is very limited as the games that can be played via social networks are usually targeted towards casual gamers and not the hardcore PC type. I don't see social gaming becoming an immediate threat to native gaming in the near future and will probably remain a casual space.
- ↑ Travis (9 October 2022). "How To Play Flash Games On Linux". Systran Box. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
- ↑ ashar_oz (26 July 2017). "HTML5 Games Are Improving – Perfect For Ubuntu & Linux". Ubuntu Buzz.
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- ↑ Dickson, Jamie; Boxer, Benjy. "Play Any PC Game On Your Linux Machine With Cloud Gaming Or Game Streaming". Parsec. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
- ↑ Kelestemur, Atalay (18 March 2023). "Why Linux is a more attractive gaming platform?". Cloud7 News. Archived from the original on 22 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
- ↑ Sneddon, Joey (19 March 2019). "Stadia is Google's New Gaming Service Powered by Linux & Open-Source Tech". OMG Ubuntu. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
- ↑ Palumbo, Alessio (19 March 2019). "Stadia Is Google's Cloud Based Game Platform; Powered by AMD, Linux and Vulkan, Due in 2019". wccftech.
- ↑ bapt (22 June 2012). "Cloud Gaming, or a good reason to create Linux version of a game". drawcode.eu.
- ↑ Larabel, Michael (14 December 2021). "Amazon Is Hiring DXVK, Mesa & Proton Linux Developers For Luna Cloud Gaming in Mesa". Phoronix.
- ↑ Larabel, Michael (19 March 2023). "Canonical Gets Into Cloud Gaming & More With Anbox Cloud For Cloud-Based Android Apps/Gaming". Phoronix. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
- ↑ "Open source cloud gaming, play remote games for free". HelpWire. 26 April 2022. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
- ↑ Davenport, Corbin (21 June 2019). "How to play Windows games in Linux". PC Gamer. Retrieved 18 March 2023.
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While Hedgewars is not a Linux-only game, I wanted to include it to show that even games can run under WSLg. While WSLg is likely not designed for gaming, the fact that you can play games using it shows the full depth of this new feature.
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- ↑ Hanselman, Scott (12 January 2018). "Building 0verkill on Windows 10 Subsystem for Linux – 2D ASCII art deathmatch game". Retrieved 18 March 2023.
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Blockout worked flawlessly, which surprised me as it is an extremely graphics-intensive application.
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- ↑ Hess, Ken (29 October 2020). "Creating a Linux-Windows hybrid system with Cygwin". Red Hat. Retrieved 18 March 2023.
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Can you run games? I have absolutely no idea, but I would guess the answer is no, because of the lack of hardware access. I did have a quick look for games like Neverball and Extreme Tux Racer, but they were nowhere to be found. When I follow this up, I'll look a bit harder, and maybe try compiling them. Really, it's kind of pointless, because you could just run the games in Windows.
- ↑ Finley, Klint (30 March 2016). "Why Microsoft Making Linux Apps Run on Windows Isn't Crazy". Wired. Retrieved 18 March 2023.
- ↑ "LibTAS FAQ". Retrieved 18 March 2023.
If you have Windows 10, the easiest way is to use WSL 2 (Windows Subsystem for Linux) to run libTAS. Otherwise, you can install a Linux distribution (e.g. Ubuntu) on a virtual machine (e.g. using VirtualBox).
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Mesa3D support should help developers using WSL 2 to port games to Linux, as well as allowing complex Unix CAD applications and other design tooling to use WSLg to work on Windows, without needing a full port. If you're worried about application support, we've yet to find anything that didn't work over WSLg. We've been able to run Ubuntu desktop tools, classic Unix games like Nethack's X11 port, Linux games from Steam, a host of different editors and IDEs, the LibreOffice productivity suite, as well as Microsoft's own Edge browser (using it to stream video and audio). The experience of using Linux applications on Windows is much like running Windows applications on macOS via Parallels.
- ↑ Montegriffo, Nicholas (30 October 2017). "A player's journey: How I learned to love Android gaming". NextPit. Retrieved 26 April 2023.
- ↑ Kian (20 December 2022). "The 4 Best Android Game Consoles Out Right Now". Joy of Android. Retrieved 26 April 2023.
- ↑ Hindy, Joe (1 April 2023). "15 best Android games available right now". Android Authority. Retrieved 26 April 2023.
- ↑ Sholtz, Matthew (19 April 2023). "Best Android games in 2023: Top picks across every category". Android Police. Retrieved 26 April 2023.
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- ↑ Dalton, Matt (30 March 2022). "How Chrome OS is great for gaming Chromebooks can be easily picked up for gaming now". Chrome Ready. Retrieved 25 February 2024.
- ↑ Scott, Hilda (2 January 2023). "Best gaming Chromebooks 2024". Laptop Mag. Retrieved 25 February 2024.
- ↑ Westover, Brian (22 November 2023). "The Best Chromebooks for Gaming in 2024". PCMag. Retrieved 25 February 2024.
- ↑ Takahashi, Dean (11 October 2022). "Google supports cloud-gaming Chromebook laptops for gamers". Venture Beat. Retrieved 25 February 2024.
- ↑ Murray, Sean (18 August 2020). "GeForce NOW Comes To ChromeOS". The Gamer. Retrieved 25 February 2024.
- ↑ Mehta, Ivan (11 October 2022). "Google introduces Chromebooks geared for cloud gaming". Tech Crunch. Retrieved 25 February 2024.
- ↑ Cunningham, Andrew (18 August 2023). ""Gaming Chromebooks" with Nvidia GPUs apparently killed with little fanfare". Ars Technica. Retrieved 25 February 2024.
- ↑ Lawler, Richard (2 September 2022). "A new ChromeOS gaming overlay puts touch-based Android games on your PC". The Verge. Retrieved 25 February 2024.
- ↑ Nield, David (8 July 2023). "How to run games on a Chromebook". The Verge. Retrieved 25 February 2024.
- ↑ Sneddon, Joey (2 July 2020). "Steam is Coming to Chromebooks with Ubuntu-based "Borealis" Feature". OMG Ubuntu. Retrieved 25 February 2024.
- ↑ Duke, Kent (15 April 2021). "Your Chromebook will be getting a massive gaming performance boost soon". Android Police. Retrieved 25 February 2024.
- ↑ Perrigo, Michael (22 April 2022). "How to play open-source retro games in your Chromebook's Linux terminal". Chrome Unboxed. Retrieved 25 February 2024.
- ↑ Pereyra, Renato (24 January 2023). "Windows games on ChromeOS with Proton". ChromeOS. Retrieved 25 February 2024.
- ↑ Patkar, Mihir (20 February 2018). "How to Install Windows Programs and Games on Chromebooks". MakeUseOf. Retrieved 25 February 2024.
- ↑ Sattelberg, Will (6 August 2021). "Steam for Chromebooks could be right around the corner". Android Police. Retrieved 25 February 2024.
- ↑ Gordon, Whitson; Cohen, Jason (21 February 2024). "How to Play Games on Your Chromebook". PCMag. Retrieved 25 February 2024.
- ↑ Hill, Paul (3 November 2022). "Steam enters beta on ChromeOS 108 following seven-month alpha period". NeoWin. Retrieved 25 February 2024.
- ↑ Williams, Ian (19 September 2022). "Playing Epic Games on ChromeOS – A Heroic Games Launcher Tutorial". CrosExperts. Retrieved 25 February 2024.
- ↑ Devine, Richard; Bacchus, Arif (6 January 2024). "Best ChromeOS games in 2023". XDA-Developers. Retrieved 25 February 2024.
- ↑ Casey, Henry T.; Washington, Shamar (26 December 2023). "Best Chromebook games 2024". Laptop Mag. Retrieved 25 February 2024.
- ↑ Chakraborty, Suman (29 August 2023). "Top 10 Games to Play on Chromebook". TechPP. Retrieved 25 February 2024.
- ↑ Dalton, Matt (16 September 2023). "Top 10 PC games to dive into on your ChromeOS". Chrome Ready. Retrieved 24 February 2024.
- ↑ Gedeon, Kimberly (24 August 2023). "Steam on Chromebooks is a joke — 5 reasons it hasn't gotten an official release". Laptop Mag. Retrieved 25 February 2024.
- ↑ Guyton, Christian (10 December 2022). "So-called 'gaming Chromebooks' are a con – here's why". Tech Radar. Retrieved 25 February 2024.
- ↑ Gariffo, Michael (1 December 2022). "Lenovo's IdeaPad Gaming Chromebook proves hardware isn't what's holding back cloud gaming". ZDNET. Retrieved 25 February 2024.
- ↑ Li, Abner (7 August 2025). "Google ending Steam for Chromebook support in 2026". 9to5google.com. Retrieved 11 August 2025.
- ↑ Rapenne, Solène (7 March 2021). "Top 12 best opensource games available on OpenBSD". Data Swamp. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
- ↑ Larabel, Michael (7 March 2021). "Running Steam's Linux Build On FreeBSD Is Becoming Increasingly Capable For Gaming". Phoronix. Retrieved 7 February 2023.
- ↑ Smith, JT (15 August 2000). "Loki and BSDi partner to certify Linux games for BSD". Linux.com. Retrieved 1 July 2023.
- ↑ Larabel, Michael (22 September 2019). "Homura Is A Windows Game Launcher For FreeBSD – Supports Steam, Origin, UPlay + More". Phoronix. Retrieved 9 February 2023.
- ↑ Larabel, Michael (14 December 2014). "Steam Gaming On PC-BSD". Phoronix. Retrieved 1 March 2023.
- ↑ Larabel, Michael (7 September 2011). "FreeBSD: A Faster Platform For Linux Gaming Than Linux?". Phoronix. Retrieved 9 February 2023.
- ↑ Lucas, Michael (22 March 2001). "FreeBSD Gaming". ONLamp. Archived from the original on 20 January 2018. Retrieved 9 July 2023.
If you're running KDE or Gnome, you already have a few simple games installed. I'm not a fan of either desktop – both strike me as bloated and obtuse – but their games packages are a nice way to pick up a dozen simple favorites such as Solitaire, Asteroids, and Tetris.
- ↑ "Tweak It: PS3 GameOS". TheSixthAxis. 17 July 2011. Retrieved 23 April 2022.
- ↑ Anthony, Sebastian (24 June 2013). "PS4 runs Orbis OS, a modified version of FreeBSD that's similar to Linux". ExtremeTech. Archived from the original on 18 November 2020. Retrieved 20 March 2023.
- ↑ "What hackers know of the Nintendo Switch so far". Wololo.net. 9 March 2017. Retrieved 13 March 2017.
- ↑ Shabir, Swaira (25 July 2021). "Mini World: First Native HarmonyOS Game Now Available On AppGallery". Retrieved 26 April 2023.
- ↑ Bates, Kryzt (10 April 2023). "Developed based on the Cocos 2dx engine, the game "Happy Match" was successfully ported to OpenHarmony". Gaming Deputy. Retrieved 25 April 2023.
- ↑ openharmony/third_party_musl, OpenHarmony, 8 January 2022, retrieved 7 July 2024
- ↑ Blonia (28 June 2024), SleepEatCoding/VirtualAndroidForHMOSNext, retrieved 7 July 2024
- ↑ Chalmers, Rachel (June 1999). "Sun Releases Tool To Make Linux Apps Run On Solaris". AUUGEN. Australia: AUUG. p. 29. Retrieved 5 March 2023.
But the real strength of Linux over Solaris is the availability of games. Kay reveals, "If you've got a developer who's been doing heads-down coding for hours, they might want to take a break to use the latest greatest games," she chuckles. "If games are available on Linux now you can get them and use them on your new Solaris workstation. Managers like making sure that kind of thing is available to their creative end users."
- ↑ "Fun in the Sun". Sun Games. Archived from the original on 14 September 2018. Retrieved 1 March 2023.
- ↑ "Games". Oracle Solaris Blog. 30 October 2008. Retrieved 28 February 2023.
- ↑ "Games". GNU-Darwin. Retrieved 3 March 2023.
- ↑ Dyer, Bill (28 December 2022). "Getting Nostalgic With the Historical Coherent Operating System". It's FOSS.
For a small package, it was remarkably complete. Not only was it a standalone operating system, but came with a big box of goodies, such as a Bourne Shell, C compiler, assembler, debugger, DOS disk support, uucp, at least three editors, some games, mail, and around 200 of the most used and useful UNIX commands.
- ↑ "SerenityOS Ports – Games". Retrieved 5 March 2023.
- ↑ Straker, Adam (26 August 2022). "SerenityOS, the 90's Windows-like Unix system built from scratch by one man as a therapeutic project". Gearrice. Retrieved 5 March 2023.
Among the ports already available we can find those of several popular video games such as Quake (I and II), Half-Life (since last January), Doom or VVVVVV, which complement own developments of the project's collaborators
- ↑ "Trying Out Redox". RedoxOS. Retrieved 25 April 2023.
- ↑ Larabel, Michael (13 February 2024). "The Current State & Plans For Porting Linux/BSD Software To RedoxOS". Phoronix. Retrieved 24 February 2024.
While not yet having accelerated graphics and their Wayland support is still some ways out, they have ported some games/emulators to RedoxOS already like DOSBox, Neverball, OpenTTD, ScummVM, 2048, and others.
- ↑ gameblabla (8 November 2016). "ToaruOS – Unix-like "hobby" operating system". codewalr.us. Retrieved 25 April 2023.
I ported Helicopters, one of my games, just to show you how easy you can port games to it.
- ↑ Saeki, Takaya (4 October 2020). "How we ran a Unix-like OS (Xv6) on our home-built CPU with our home-built C compiler". Fuelled by Coffee. Retrieved 25 April 2023.
However, some teams put more energy into doing fun such as running games or playing music by connecting a speaker with their CPU. Group 6, to which I belonged, was a group of such people who loved entertainment, and we decided to run an OS as our team goal.
- ↑ "Packages". Fiwix. Retrieved 25 April 2023.
lxdoom-1.4.4
- ↑ "Porting NetBSD Userland to MINIX 3". MINIX 3 Wiki. 28 October 2018. Retrieved 3 March 2023.
- ↑ "Bug#679330: marked as done (ioquake3: Add support for GNU/Hurd)". Debian. 5 July 2012. Retrieved 4 March 2023.
- ↑ Pendleton, Bob. "Game Programming with the Simple DirectMedia Layer". ACM Digital Library.
SDL officially supports Linux, Windows, BeOS, Mac OS, Mac OS X, FreeBSD, OpenBSD, BSD/OS, Solaris and IRIX. SDL also works with Windows CE, AmigaOS, Atari, QNX, NetBSD, AIX, Tru64 UNIX and SymbianOS. However, those OSes are not yet officially supported. This means if you write your application using SDL, you can port it with minimal rework to all those OSes. SDL provides a portable way to write games and multimedia applications on every major OS currently in use.
- ↑ Holwerda, Thom (21 May 2022). "The nightmare of getting DOOM running on PowerPC AIX". OSNews. Retrieved 5 March 2023.
- ↑ Williams, Al (3 May 2017). "Your Next Desktop… QNX?". Hackaday. Retrieved 5 March 2023.
The rest of the adventure went fairly well. He managed to build SDL and port over some games.
- ↑ "FORTRAN Computer Games". The Cyber Vanguard. 18 November 2022.
Remake of Battle Zone (1986) by Justin S. Revenaugh for Apollo Domain/OS, using the GPR graphics library. The game was later ported as XBZONE to X11.
- ↑ "Games/Arcade". HP-UX Porting and Archive Centre. Retrieved 4 March 2023.
- ↑ "SGI – Freeware – Games". Archived from the original on 20 March 2007. Retrieved 4 March 2023.
- ↑ "SuperTuxKart IRIX Screenshots". SupterTuxKart.de. Retrieved 4 March 2023.
- ↑ Knight, John (May 2021). "Exploring Microsoft's forgotten Unix distribution". Linux Magazine. Retrieved 18 March 2023.
Thankfully XENIX users weren't all business, and there are at least a few games available for the system. Although the IMG file from Archive.org wouldn't work, we found a working disk image from YouTube user MentionedBefore, who provides a link below his XENIX 2.3.1 VirtualBox tutorial. The disk comes with Worms (not the famous DOS game!), Rogue, Hack, and Trek, plus fortune and mathrec. (And there is a terminal-based version of Tetris somewhere out there!) Once installed, the executables for the games/amusements are found under /usr/games
- ↑ "Caldera Skunkware X11 Games". SCO Skunkware. 6 July 2001. Retrieved 5 March 2023.
- ↑ Armstrong, James; Kent, Les (22 November 1993). "32-bit desktop operating systems". InfoWorld. United States: IDG Communications, Inc. p. 75. Retrieved 5 March 2023.
Once a user is logged in, a window displays a number of icons that group some standard applications: Accessories, Applications, Preferences, Disks, Games, Shutdown, System Setup, Utilities, and Folder Maps. User can open any file or folder by double clicking on the appropriate icon.
- ↑ "Open Source Software Collection for Tru64 UNIX V5.1A". CLASSE. 9 December 2014. Retrieved 5 March 2023.
- ↑ Magee, Mike (6 September 1999). "1.6GHz Alpha to be fastest Quake chip on planet". The Register. Retrieved 5 March 2023.
The beast is not designed for Windows – its OS preference a version of real time Tru64 using current OpenGL for the platform. Real time versions of Tru64 might be used in a high end arcade game console, with workstations using a more "normal" Tru64 Unix with OpenGL. Quake and Quake 2 are native on Alpha Linux platforms.
- ↑ Lehrbaum, Rick (8 May 2000). "Lynx + Linux=... Lynux". ZDNET. Retrieved 5 March 2023.
- ↑ "ULTRIX – Reference Pages for Unsupported Software" (PDF). Digital Equipment Corporation. June 1990. Retrieved 18 March 2023.
Section 6: Games – The reference pages in this section describe the games that are available in the unsupported software subset.
- ↑ Moreau, Patrick (2 January 2003). "Thematic Download Pages". The DECWindows Archive. Retrieved 7 April 2023.
- ↑ "Downloads: Games". OpenVMS Hobbyist Program. Retrieved 7 April 2023.
- ↑ Kippins, Aaron; Ropes, Charlie; Huntington, Brad (21 May 2020). "Minecraft on Z/OS". IBM Corporation. Retrieved 17 March 2023.
- ↑ Holwerda, Thom (9 June 2022). "Porting Doom to A/UX". OSNews. Retrieved 28 January 2024.
- ↑ "Fiddling with NeXTSTEP". posts.boy. 29 December 2011. Retrieved 18 March 2023.
This screenshot shows Facebook, looking rather broken, and DOOM in the front. id Software used NeXT systems to create the famous first person shooter. Relying on the Objective-C based development environment to create most of the tools, like the level editor.
- ↑ Edwards, Benj (24 August 2020). "Before Mac OS X: What Was NeXTSTEP, and Why Did People Love It?". How-To-Geek. Retrieved 18 March 2023.
- ↑ Sanglard, Fabien (10 December 2018). "Chapter 3: NeXT". Game Engine Black Book: DOOM. p. 103. ISBN 978-1099819773.
- ↑ Hills, James (19 June 1999). "Interviews - Dave Taylor, Transmeta". GA-Source. Archived from the original on 4 March 2024. Retrieved 21 March 2023.
Anyway, so it felt almost natural to do weird things. Here was a company where hundreds of thousands of dollars changed hands depending on moods and stories, Nextstep was the development environment, and showing up to work and seeing something truly miraculous in John Carmack's office or the art room about once a week was the norm. So when I started calling various workstation vendors like IBM, Sun, SGI, and asking they send workstations in exchange for typing "make", no one was terribly surprised. It was just one more of the weekly miracles, and a lesser one at that. "Oh look. There's our game running in a window on 5 architectures and as many OS's. Huh."
- ↑ "Luanti at FOSDEM 2025". Luanti Blog.
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